Example - 1

This code intends to allow only Administrators to print debug information about a system.

ADMIN,USER,GUEST

System.out.println("You are not authorized to perform this command");break;

System.out.println(currentDebugState());break;case GUEST:default:switch(requestingUser.role){}
System.out.println("You must be logged in to perform this command");if(isAuthenticated(requestingUser)){}else{}public enum Roles {}public void printDebugInfo(User requestingUser){}

While the intention was to only allow Administrators to print the debug information, the code as written only excludes those with the role of "GUEST". Someone with the role of "ADMIN" or "USER" will be allowed access, which goes against the original intent. An attacker may be able to use this debug information to craft an attack on the system.