9.8
CRITICAL
CVE-2016-4438
Apache Struts 2 REST Expression Language Injection Vulnerability
Description

The REST plugin in Apache Struts 2 2.3.19 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted expression.

INFO

Published Date :

July 4, 2016, 10:59 p.m.

Last Modified :

Aug. 12, 2019, 9:15 p.m.

Source :

[email protected]

Remotely Exploitable :

Yes !

Impact Score :

5.9

Exploitability Score :

3.9
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2016-4438 has a 11 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2016-4438 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Apache struts
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2016-4438.

URL Resource
http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN07710476/index.html Vendor Advisory
http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000110 VDB Entry Vendor Advisory
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91275 Third Party Advisory
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348238 Issue Tracking Third Party Advisory VDB Entry
https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-037.html Vendor Advisory

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Profile Photo
GhostTroops/myhktools

struts2全套Exp

struts2-exp

Java Python JavaScript Shell Batchfile VBScript Perl HTML

Updated: 7 months, 2 weeks ago
5 stars 1 fork 1 watcher
Born at : Dec. 21, 2022, 3:15 a.m. This repo has been linked 31 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
20142995/pocsuite3

None

Python

Updated: 2 months, 2 weeks ago
104 stars 18 fork 18 watcher
Born at : Nov. 26, 2022, 5:52 a.m. This repo has been linked 108 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
touchmycrazyredhat/myhktools

None

Java Python JavaScript Shell Batchfile VBScript Perl HTML

Updated: 3 months, 1 week ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Sept. 5, 2022, 2:10 p.m. This repo has been linked 31 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
SexyBeast233/SecBooks

安全类各家文库大乱斗

HTML CSS JavaScript Go Python Shell C

Updated: 2 months, 2 weeks ago
856 stars 214 fork 214 watcher
Born at : Feb. 15, 2022, 3:14 a.m. This repo has been linked 568 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
CrackerCat/myhktools

https://51pwn.com,Awesome Penetration Testing，hacker tools collection, metasploit exploit, meterpreter....struts2、weblogic, 0day,poc,apt,backdoor,VulApps,vuln,pentest-script

JavaScript Python Shell Java HTML Visual Basic Perl Batchfile

Updated: 1 year, 11 months ago
0 stars 9 fork 9 watcher
Born at : March 24, 2020, 3:35 a.m. This repo has been linked 31 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
do0dl3/myhktools

https://51pwn.com,Awesome Penetration Testing，hacker tools collection, metasploit exploit, meterpreter....struts2、weblogic, 0day,poc,apt,backdoor,VulApps,vuln,pentest-script

JavaScript Python Shell Java HTML Visual Basic Perl Batchfile

Updated: 3 months, 1 week ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Dec. 17, 2019, 2:02 a.m. This repo has been linked 31 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
linchong-cmd/BugLists

None

Updated: 5 years, 2 months ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Sept. 7, 2019, 3:55 p.m. This repo has been linked 10 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
iqrok/myhktools

Awesome Penetration Testing，hacker tools collection, metasploit exploit, meterpreter....struts2、weblogic, 0day,poc,apt,backdoor,VulApps,vuln,pentest-script,online to https://51pwn.com, or https://exploit-poc.com

Updated: 3 months, 1 week ago
4 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : May 17, 2019, 2:40 p.m. This repo has been linked 31 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
tafamace/CVE-2016-4438

None

Java

Updated: 6 years ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Nov. 19, 2018, 8:49 a.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
fupinglee/Struts2_Bugs

None

Java

Updated: 3 months, 1 week ago
13 stars 3 fork 3 watcher
Born at : March 29, 2017, 3:27 p.m. This repo has been linked 9 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
jason3e7/CVE-2016-4438

None

Python

Updated: 4 years, 4 months ago
1 stars 4 fork 4 watcher
Born at : June 16, 2016, 6:28 a.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2016-4438 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2016-4438 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 14, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Aug. 12, 2019

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Description The REST plugin in Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted expression. The REST plugin in Apache Struts 2 2.3.19 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted expression.
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Aug. 09, 2017

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html [No Types Assigned]
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Oct. 06, 2016

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Reference Type http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000110 Vendor Advisory http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000110 VDB Entry, Vendor Advisory
    Changed Reference Type http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91275 No Types Assigned http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91275 Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348238 No Types Assigned https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348238 Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry, Issue Tracking
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Oct. 06, 2016

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Reference Type https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348238 Issue Tracking https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348238 Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
    Changed Reference Type http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91275 No Types Assigned http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91275 Third Party Advisory
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Oct. 05, 2016

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91275
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Jul. 07, 2016

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration Configuration 1 OR *cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:2.3.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Added CVSS V2 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P)
    Added CVSS V3 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Changed Reference Type http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000110 No Types Assigned http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000110 Advisory
    Changed Reference Type http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN07710476/index.html No Types Assigned http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN07710476/index.html Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-037.html No Types Assigned https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-037.html Advisory
    Added CWE CWE-20
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Jul. 06, 2016

    Action Type Old Value New Value
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2016-4438 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2016-4438 weaknesses.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection Blind SQL Injection CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call Buffer Overflow in an API Call CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values Subverting Environment Variable Values CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client Exploiting Trust in Client CAPEC-23: File Content Injection File Content Injection CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow CAPEC-28: Fuzzing Fuzzing CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion MIME Conversion CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags Overflow Variables and Tags CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion CAPEC-52: Embedding NULL Bytes Embedding NULL Bytes CAPEC-53: Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog() String Format Overflow in syslog() CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-72: URL Encoding URL Encoding CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename User-Controlled Filename CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering Web Server Logs Tampering CAPEC-83: XPath Injection XPath Injection CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting AJAX Footprinting CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection OS Command Injection CAPEC-101: Server Side Include (SSI) Injection Server Side Include (SSI) Injection CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting Cross Zone Scripting CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection Command Line Execution through SQL Injection CAPEC-109: Object Relational Mapping Injection Object Relational Mapping Injection CAPEC-110: SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering CAPEC-120: Double Encoding Double Encoding CAPEC-135: Format String Injection Format String Injection CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection LDAP Injection CAPEC-153: Input Data Manipulation Input Data Manipulation CAPEC-182: Flash Injection Flash Injection CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads Serialized Data with Nested Payloads CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads Oversized Serialized Data Payloads CAPEC-250: XML Injection XML Injection CAPEC-261: Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding Leverage Alternate Encoding CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof Signature Spoof CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS DOM-Based XSS CAPEC-664: Server Side Request Forgery Server Side Request Forgery
Exploit Prediction

EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.

7.26 }} 0.58%

score

0.94229

percentile

CVSS30 - Vulnerability Scoring System
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
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