Known Exploited Vulnerability
8.8
HIGH
CVE-2021-28663
Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Use-After- - [Actively Exploited]
Description

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

INFO

Published Date :

May 10, 2021, 3:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Nov. 21, 2024, 6 a.m.

Source :

[email protected]

Remotely Exploitable :

Yes !

Impact Score :

5.9

Exploitability Score :

2.8
CISA Notification
CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities)

For the benefit of the cybersecurity community and network defenders—and to help every organization better manage vulnerabilities and keep pace with threat activity—CISA maintains the authoritative source of vulnerabilities that have been exploited in the wild.

Description :

Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) kernel driver contains a use-after-free vulnerability that may allow a non-privileged user to make improper operations on GPU memory to gain root privilege, and/or disclose information.

Required Action :

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Notes :

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28663

Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2021-28663 has a 13 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2021-28663 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Arm bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver
2 Arm midgard_gpu_kernel_driver
3 Arm valhall_gpu_kernel_driver
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 3
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2021-28663.

URL Resource
https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates Vendor Advisory
https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663 Exploit
https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates Vendor Advisory
https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663 Exploit

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Profile Photo
1337eng/arm_mali_open_source_drivers

Arm mali open source drivers

Makefile C Assembly Starlark

Updated: 1 month, 2 weeks ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Nov. 4, 2024, 1:50 p.m. This repo has been linked 46 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
NaInSec/CVE-PoC-in-GitHub

All CVE - PoC in GitHub

poc proofofconcept tester allcve cvegithub cvenew cvepoc cveupdate

Updated: 1 month, 2 weeks ago
8 stars 3 fork 3 watcher
Born at : March 22, 2024, 3:58 p.m. This repo has been linked 928 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
zecool/cve

None

Updated: 9 months, 1 week ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : March 11, 2024, 1:21 p.m. This repo has been linked 930 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
whoforget/CVE-POC

None

Updated: 1 year, 8 months ago
0 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : April 8, 2023, 6:19 a.m. This repo has been linked 923 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
knd06/linux-kernel-exploitation

None

Updated: 3 weeks, 6 days ago
7 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Feb. 25, 2023, 10:40 a.m. This repo has been linked 178 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
k0mi-tg/CVE-POC

None

Updated: 10 months, 1 week ago
20 stars 3 fork 3 watcher
Born at : Feb. 14, 2023, 6:10 p.m. This repo has been linked 921 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
WhooAmii/POC_to_review

None

Updated: 10 months, 1 week ago
2 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : Nov. 25, 2022, 5:43 p.m. This repo has been linked 930 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
soosmile/POC

None

Updated: 5 months, 3 weeks ago
8 stars 1 fork 1 watcher
Born at : June 21, 2022, 7:45 a.m. This repo has been linked 943 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
Ostorlab/KEV

Ostorlab KEV: One-command to detect most remotely known exploitable vulnerabilities. Sourced from CISA KEV, Google's Tsunami, Ostorlab's Asteroid and Bug Bounty programs.

cisa-kev vulnerability 0day cisa exploits

Updated: 2 weeks, 4 days ago
548 stars 35 fork 35 watcher
Born at : April 19, 2022, 8:58 a.m. This repo has been linked 1228 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
lntrx/CVE-2021-28663

A basic PoC leak for CVE-2021-28663 (Internal of the Android kernel backdoor vulnerability)

Shell C

Updated: 2 months, 3 weeks ago
116 stars 25 fork 25 watcher
Born at : Sept. 1, 2021, 10:59 p.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
TAKIANFIF/CVE-2021-1905-CVE-2021-1906-CVE-2021-28663-CVE-2021-28664

Qualcomm GPU / ARM Mali GPU

Updated: 3 years, 7 months ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : May 23, 2021, 11:02 p.m. This repo has been linked 4 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
n0-traces/cve_monitor

Automatic monitor github cve using Github Actions

Python

Updated: 1 month, 2 weeks ago
1 stars 57 fork 57 watcher
Born at : April 7, 2021, 11:16 a.m. This repo has been linked 1008 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
xairy/linux-kernel-exploitation

A collection of links related to Linux kernel security and exploitation

linux-kernel kernel-exploitation exploit privilege-escalation security

Updated: 2 weeks, 3 days ago
5658 stars 912 fork 912 watcher
Born at : Nov. 13, 2016, 10:21 p.m. This repo has been linked 239 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2021-28663 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2021-28663 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Nov. 21, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates
    Added Reference https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver
    Added Reference https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 13, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Aug. 01, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CWE CISA-ADP CWE-416
    Added CVSS V3.1 CISA-ADP AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Jul. 25, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Reference Type https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663 No Types Assigned https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663 Exploit
    Changed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:arm:bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r0p0 up to (including) r28p0 *cpe:2.3:a:arm:midgard_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r4p0 up to (including) r30p0 *cpe:2.3:a:arm:valhall_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r19p0 up to (including) r28p0 OR *cpe:2.3:a:arm:bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r0p0 up to (excluding) r29p0 *cpe:2.3:a:arm:midgard_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r4p0 up to (excluding) r31p0 *cpe:2.3:a:arm:valhall_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r19p0 up to (excluding) r29p0
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 14, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Feb. 23, 2023

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663 [No Types Assigned]
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Jun. 15, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V2 NIST (AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C)
    Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Changed Reference Type https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates No Types Assigned https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates Vendor Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver No Types Assigned https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver Vendor Advisory
    Added CWE NIST CWE-416
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:arm:bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r0p0 up to (including) r28p0 *cpe:2.3:a:arm:midguard_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r4p0 up to (including) r30p0 *cpe:2.3:a:arm:valhall_gpu_kernel_driver:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) r19p0 up to (including) r28p0
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2021-28663 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2021-28663 weaknesses.

Exploit Prediction

EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.

4.54 }} 2.96%

score

0.92392

percentile

CVSS31 - Vulnerability Scoring System
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
: