8.3
HIGH
CVE-2021-42574
Oracle Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm Code Injection Vulnerability
Description

An issue was discovered in the Bidirectional Algorithm in the Unicode Specification through 14.0. It permits the visual reordering of characters via control sequences, which can be used to craft source code that renders different logic than the logical ordering of tokens ingested by compilers and interpreters. Adversaries can leverage this to encode source code for compilers accepting Unicode such that targeted vulnerabilities are introduced invisibly to human reviewers. NOTE: the Unicode Consortium offers the following alternative approach to presenting this concern. An issue is noted in the nature of international text that can affect applications that implement support for The Unicode Standard and the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (all versions). Due to text display behavior when text includes left-to-right and right-to-left characters, the visual order of tokens may be different from their logical order. Additionally, control characters needed to fully support the requirements of bidirectional text can further obfuscate the logical order of tokens. Unless mitigated, an adversary could craft source code such that the ordering of tokens perceived by human reviewers does not match what will be processed by a compiler/interpreter/etc. The Unicode Consortium has documented this class of vulnerability in its document, Unicode Technical Report #36, Unicode Security Considerations. The Unicode Consortium also provides guidance on mitigations for this class of issues in Unicode Technical Standard #39, Unicode Security Mechanisms, and in Unicode Standard Annex #31, Unicode Identifier and Pattern Syntax. Also, the BIDI specification allows applications to tailor the implementation in ways that can mitigate misleading visual reordering in program text; see HL4 in Unicode Standard Annex #9, Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm.

INFO

Published Date :

Nov. 1, 2021, 4:15 a.m.

Last Modified :

Aug. 4, 2024, 4:16 a.m.

Remotely Exploitable :

Yes !

Impact Score :

6.0

Exploitability Score :

1.6
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2021-42574 has a 21 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2021-42574 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Fedoraproject fedora
1 Starwindsoftware starwind_virtual_san
1 Unicode unicode
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2021-42574.

URL Resource
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/1 Exploit Mailing List Mitigation Third Party Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/4 Exploit Mailing List Third Party Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/5 Mailing List Third Party Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/6 Mailing List Third Party Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/02/10 Mailing List
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ Release Notes Vendor Advisory
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IH2RG5YTR6ZZOLUV3EUPZEIJR7XHJLVD/
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LQNTFF24ROHLVPLUOEISBN3F7QM27L4U/
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QUPA37D57VPTDLSXOOGF4UXUEADOC4PQ/
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-09 Third Party Advisory
https://trojansource.codes Exploit Technical Description Third Party Advisory
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/999008 Third Party Advisory US Government Resource
https://www.scyon.nl/post/trojans-in-your-source-code Exploit Mitigation Third Party Advisory
https://www.starwindsoftware.com/security/sw-20220804-0002/ Third Party Advisory
https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/ Technical Description Vendor Advisory
https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/ Technical Description Vendor Advisory
https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/ Technical Description Vendor Advisory
https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-44.html#HL4 Technical Description Vendor Advisory

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

All CVE - PoC in GitHub

poc proofofconcept tester allcve cvegithub cvenew cvepoc cveupdate

Updated: 2 months, 3 weeks ago
5 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : March 22, 2024, 3:58 p.m. This repo has been linked 928 different CVEs too.

None

Updated: 8 months, 1 week ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : March 11, 2024, 1:21 p.m. This repo has been linked 930 different CVEs too.

None

asp-net-core csharp docker dockerfile javascript react webapi docker-compose

C# Dockerfile HTML JavaScript CSS

Updated: 7 months, 2 weeks ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Feb. 22, 2024, 6:42 p.m. This repo has been linked 383 different CVEs too.

None

Updated: 4 months, 2 weeks ago
2 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : March 16, 2023, 3:08 p.m. This repo has been linked 5 different CVEs too.

Bittide aegir simulator

bittide

Rust Python Verilog Shell

Updated: 1 year, 8 months ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : March 9, 2023, 8:25 p.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

POC of CVE-2021-42574 for solidity and solc compiler

Python Solidity

Updated: 1 year, 9 months ago
2 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Jan. 31, 2023, 6:15 p.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

None

Updated: 9 months ago
2 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : Nov. 25, 2022, 5:43 p.m. This repo has been linked 930 different CVEs too.

Map Vulnerabilities into Different Layers of the Container Image

Python

Updated: 1 year, 10 months ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Oct. 5, 2022, 12:07 p.m. This repo has been linked 1276 different CVEs too.

None

Updated: 4 months, 3 weeks ago
8 stars 1 fork 1 watcher
Born at : June 21, 2022, 7:45 a.m. This repo has been linked 943 different CVEs too.

None

C

Updated: 2 years, 8 months ago
2 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : March 1, 2022, 7:32 p.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

Provides custom lint rules developed by Bottle Rocket Studios to help keep our code cleaner, detect and mitigate possible security issues, and allow us to write rules around best practices and usage as necessary in the future

Kotlin Shell

Updated: 2 years, 9 months ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Feb. 9, 2022, 11 p.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

None

Rust

Updated: 2 years, 11 months ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Dec. 11, 2021, 7:23 a.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

A GitHub Action to find Unicode control characters using the Red Hat diagnostic tool https://access.redhat.com/security/vulnerabilities/RHSB-2021-007 to detect RHSB-2021-007 Trojan source attacks (CVE-2021-42574,CVE-2021-42694)

Dockerfile Shell Python

Updated: 2 years, 11 months ago
0 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : Nov. 25, 2021, 8:02 a.m. This repo has been linked 2 different CVEs too.

Trojan Source Maven Plugin

Java

Updated: 2 years, 11 months ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Nov. 15, 2021, 1:46 p.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

Checks your files for existence of Unicode BIDI characters which can be misused for supply chain attacks. See CVE-2021-42574

security rust cve-2021-42574 unicode-characters docker supply-chain-attacks

Dockerfile Rust JavaScript

Updated: 3 months, 1 week ago
5 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : Nov. 6, 2021, 10:12 p.m. This repo has been linked 1 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2021-42574 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2021-42574 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Aug. 04, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Jun. 11, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 17, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 14, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Apr. 11, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Mar. 21, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Tag MITRE disputed
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 07, 2023

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Description ** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in the Bidirectional Algorithm in the Unicode Specification through 14.0. It permits the visual reordering of characters via control sequences, which can be used to craft source code that renders different logic than the logical ordering of tokens ingested by compilers and interpreters. Adversaries can leverage this to encode source code for compilers accepting Unicode such that targeted vulnerabilities are introduced invisibly to human reviewers. NOTE: the Unicode Consortium offers the following alternative approach to presenting this concern. An issue is noted in the nature of international text that can affect applications that implement support for The Unicode Standard and the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (all versions). Due to text display behavior when text includes left-to-right and right-to-left characters, the visual order of tokens may be different from their logical order. Additionally, control characters needed to fully support the requirements of bidirectional text can further obfuscate the logical order of tokens. Unless mitigated, an adversary could craft source code such that the ordering of tokens perceived by human reviewers does not match what will be processed by a compiler/interpreter/etc. The Unicode Consortium has documented this class of vulnerability in its document, Unicode Technical Report #36, Unicode Security Considerations. The Unicode Consortium also provides guidance on mitigations for this class of issues in Unicode Technical Standard #39, Unicode Security Mechanisms, and in Unicode Standard Annex #31, Unicode Identifier and Pattern Syntax. Also, the BIDI specification allows applications to tailor the implementation in ways that can mitigate misleading visual reordering in program text; see HL4 in Unicode Standard Annex #9, Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. An issue was discovered in the Bidirectional Algorithm in the Unicode Specification through 14.0. It permits the visual reordering of characters via control sequences, which can be used to craft source code that renders different logic than the logical ordering of tokens ingested by compilers and interpreters. Adversaries can leverage this to encode source code for compilers accepting Unicode such that targeted vulnerabilities are introduced invisibly to human reviewers. NOTE: the Unicode Consortium offers the following alternative approach to presenting this concern. An issue is noted in the nature of international text that can affect applications that implement support for The Unicode Standard and the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (all versions). Due to text display behavior when text includes left-to-right and right-to-left characters, the visual order of tokens may be different from their logical order. Additionally, control characters needed to fully support the requirements of bidirectional text can further obfuscate the logical order of tokens. Unless mitigated, an adversary could craft source code such that the ordering of tokens perceived by human reviewers does not match what will be processed by a compiler/interpreter/etc. The Unicode Consortium has documented this class of vulnerability in its document, Unicode Technical Report #36, Unicode Security Considerations. The Unicode Consortium also provides guidance on mitigations for this class of issues in Unicode Technical Standard #39, Unicode Security Mechanisms, and in Unicode Standard Annex #31, Unicode Identifier and Pattern Syntax. Also, the BIDI specification allows applications to tailor the implementation in ways that can mitigate misleading visual reordering in program text; see HL4 in Unicode Standard Annex #9, Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm.
    Added Reference MITRE https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QUPA37D57VPTDLSXOOGF4UXUEADOC4PQ/ [No types assigned]
    Added Reference MITRE https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LQNTFF24ROHLVPLUOEISBN3F7QM27L4U/ [No types assigned]
    Added Reference MITRE https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IH2RG5YTR6ZZOLUV3EUPZEIJR7XHJLVD/ [No types assigned]
    Removed Reference MITRE https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/QUPA37D57VPTDLSXOOGF4UXUEADOC4PQ/
    Removed Reference MITRE https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/LQNTFF24ROHLVPLUOEISBN3F7QM27L4U/
    Removed Reference MITRE https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/IH2RG5YTR6ZZOLUV3EUPZEIJR7XHJLVD/
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Oct. 25, 2022

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Reference Type https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-09 No Types Assigned https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-09 Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://www.starwindsoftware.com/security/sw-20220804-0002/ No Types Assigned https://www.starwindsoftware.com/security/sw-20220804-0002/ Third Party Advisory
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:starwindsoftware:starwind_virtual_san:v8r13:14398:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Oct. 16, 2022

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-09 [No Types Assigned]
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Oct. 11, 2022

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://www.starwindsoftware.com/security/sw-20220804-0002/ [No Types Assigned]
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Sep. 03, 2022

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Reference Type https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/ No Types Assigned https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/ Technical Description, Vendor Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/ No Types Assigned https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/ Technical Description, Vendor Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/ No Types Assigned https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/ Technical Description, Vendor Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-44.html#HL4 No Types Assigned https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-44.html#HL4 Technical Description, Vendor Advisory
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 12, 2022

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Description An issue was discovered in the Bidirectional Algorithm in the Unicode Specification through 14.0. It permits the visual reordering of characters via control sequences, which can be used to craft source code that renders different logic than the logical ordering of tokens ingested by compilers and interpreters. Adversaries can leverage this to encode source code for compilers accepting Unicode such that targeted vulnerabilities are introduced invisibly to human reviewers. ** DISPUTED ** An issue was discovered in the Bidirectional Algorithm in the Unicode Specification through 14.0. It permits the visual reordering of characters via control sequences, which can be used to craft source code that renders different logic than the logical ordering of tokens ingested by compilers and interpreters. Adversaries can leverage this to encode source code for compilers accepting Unicode such that targeted vulnerabilities are introduced invisibly to human reviewers. NOTE: the Unicode Consortium offers the following alternative approach to presenting this concern. An issue is noted in the nature of international text that can affect applications that implement support for The Unicode Standard and the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (all versions). Due to text display behavior when text includes left-to-right and right-to-left characters, the visual order of tokens may be different from their logical order. Additionally, control characters needed to fully support the requirements of bidirectional text can further obfuscate the logical order of tokens. Unless mitigated, an adversary could craft source code such that the ordering of tokens perceived by human reviewers does not match what will be processed by a compiler/interpreter/etc. The Unicode Consortium has documented this class of vulnerability in its document, Unicode Technical Report #36, Unicode Security Considerations. The Unicode Consortium also provides guidance on mitigations for this class of issues in Unicode Technical Standard #39, Unicode Security Mechanisms, and in Unicode Standard Annex #31, Unicode Identifier and Pattern Syntax. Also, the BIDI specification allows applications to tailor the implementation in ways that can mitigate misleading visual reordering in program text; see HL4 in Unicode Standard Annex #9, Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm.
    Added Reference https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/ [No Types Assigned]
    Added Reference https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-44.html#HL4 [No Types Assigned]
    Added Reference https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/ [No Types Assigned]
    Added Reference https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/ [No Types Assigned]
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Nov. 30, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Reference Type https://www.scyon.nl/post/trojans-in-your-source-code No Types Assigned https://www.scyon.nl/post/trojans-in-your-source-code Exploit, Mitigation, Third Party Advisory
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 26, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://www.scyon.nl/post/trojans-in-your-source-code [No Types Assigned]
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Nov. 16, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V2 Metadata Victim must voluntarily interact with attack mechanism
    Removed CVSS V2 NIST (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P)
    Added CVSS V2 NIST (AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P)
    Removed CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Changed Reference Type http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/02/10 No Types Assigned http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/02/10 Mailing List
    Changed Reference Type https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/IH2RG5YTR6ZZOLUV3EUPZEIJR7XHJLVD/ No Types Assigned https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/IH2RG5YTR6ZZOLUV3EUPZEIJR7XHJLVD/ Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/LQNTFF24ROHLVPLUOEISBN3F7QM27L4U/ No Types Assigned https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/LQNTFF24ROHLVPLUOEISBN3F7QM27L4U/ Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/QUPA37D57VPTDLSXOOGF4UXUEADOC4PQ/ No Types Assigned https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/QUPA37D57VPTDLSXOOGF4UXUEADOC4PQ/ Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/999008 No Types Assigned https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/999008 Third Party Advisory, US Government Resource
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:33:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 11, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/IH2RG5YTR6ZZOLUV3EUPZEIJR7XHJLVD/ [No Types Assigned]
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 09, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/999008 [No Types Assigned]
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 05, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/LQNTFF24ROHLVPLUOEISBN3F7QM27L4U/ [No Types Assigned]
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 04, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/QUPA37D57VPTDLSXOOGF4UXUEADOC4PQ/ [No Types Assigned]
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 03, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/02/10 [No Types Assigned]
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Nov. 02, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V2 NIST (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P)
    Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Changed Reference Type http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/1 No Types Assigned http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/1 Exploit, Mailing List, Mitigation, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/4 No Types Assigned http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/4 Exploit, Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/5 No Types Assigned http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/5 Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/6 No Types Assigned http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/6 Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ No Types Assigned http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/ Release Notes, Vendor Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://trojansource.codes No Types Assigned https://trojansource.codes Exploit, Technical Description, Third Party Advisory
    Added CWE NIST CWE-94
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:unicode:unicode:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 14.0.0
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 01, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/5 [No Types Assigned]
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/6 [No Types Assigned]
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 01, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/4 [No Types Assigned]
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Nov. 01, 2021

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/11/01/1 [No Types Assigned]
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2021-42574 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2021-42574 weaknesses.

Exploit Prediction

EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.

0.28 }} 0.02%

score

0.68576

percentile

CVSS31 - Vulnerability Scoring System
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability