CVE-2021-44878
OpenID Connect Provider pac4j Signature Validation Bypass
Description
If an OpenID Connect provider supports the "none" algorithm (i.e., tokens with no signature), pac4j v5.3.0 (and prior) does not refuse it without an explicit configuration on its side or for the "idtoken" response type which is not secure and violates the OpenID Core Specification. The "none" algorithm does not require any signature verification when validating the ID tokens, which allows the attacker to bypass the token validation by injecting a malformed ID token using "none" as the value of "alg" key in the header with an empty signature value.
INFO
Published Date :
Jan. 6, 2022, 1:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
Nov. 21, 2024, 6:31 a.m.
Source :
[email protected]
Remotely Exploitable :
Yes !
Impact Score :
3.6
Exploitability Score :
3.9
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2021-44878.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pac4j/pac4j/commit/22b82ffd702a132d9f09da60362fc6264fc281ae | Patch Third Party Advisory |
| https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDToken | Product Third Party Advisory |
| https://www.pac4j.org/blog/cve_2021_44878_is_this_serious.html | Mitigation Vendor Advisory |
| https://github.com/pac4j/pac4j/commit/22b82ffd702a132d9f09da60362fc6264fc281ae | Patch Third Party Advisory |
| https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDToken | Product Third Party Advisory |
| https://www.pac4j.org/blog/cve_2021_44878_is_this_serious.html | Mitigation Vendor Advisory |
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2021-44878 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2021-44878 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
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CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Nov. 21, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://github.com/pac4j/pac4j/commit/22b82ffd702a132d9f09da60362fc6264fc281ae Added Reference https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDToken Added Reference https://www.pac4j.org/blog/cve_2021_44878_is_this_serious.html -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
May. 14, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value -
Modified Analysis by [email protected]
May. 13, 2022
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Reference Type https://www.pac4j.org/blog/cve_2021_44878_is_this_serious.html No Types Assigned https://www.pac4j.org/blog/cve_2021_44878_is_this_serious.html Mitigation, Vendor Advisory Changed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 4.5.5 *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.0.0 up to (including) 5.1.0 OR *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 4.5.5 *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.0.0 up to (excluding) 5.3.1 -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Mar. 30, 2022
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Description Pac4j v5.1 and earlier allows (by default) clients to accept and successfully validate ID Tokens with "none" algorithm (i.e., tokens with no signature) which is not secure and violates the OpenID Core Specification. The "none" algorithm does not require any signature verification when validating the ID tokens, which allows the attacker to bypass the token validation by injecting a malformed ID token using "none" as the value of "alg" key in the header with an empty signature value. If an OpenID Connect provider supports the "none" algorithm (i.e., tokens with no signature), pac4j v5.3.0 (and prior) does not refuse it without an explicit configuration on its side or for the "idtoken" response type which is not secure and violates the OpenID Core Specification. The "none" algorithm does not require any signature verification when validating the ID tokens, which allows the attacker to bypass the token validation by injecting a malformed ID token using "none" as the value of "alg" key in the header with an empty signature value. Added Reference https://www.pac4j.org/blog/cve_2021_44878_is_this_serious.html [No Types Assigned] -
Reanalysis by [email protected]
Mar. 17, 2022
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (including) 5.1.0 OR *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 4.5.5 *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.0.0 up to (including) 5.1.0 -
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Jan. 14, 2022
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V2 NIST (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N) Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Changed Reference Type https://github.com/pac4j/pac4j/commit/22b82ffd702a132d9f09da60362fc6264fc281ae No Types Assigned https://github.com/pac4j/pac4j/commit/22b82ffd702a132d9f09da60362fc6264fc281ae Patch, Third Party Advisory Changed Reference Type https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDToken No Types Assigned https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDToken Product, Third Party Advisory Added CWE NIST CWE-347 Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:pac4j:pac4j:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (including) 5.1.0
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2021-44878 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2021-44878
weaknesses.
Exploit Prediction
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.
0.01 }} 0.00%
score
0.01197
percentile