CVE-2022-30190
Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - [Actively Exploited]
Description
A remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application. The attacker can then install programs, view, change, or delete data, or create new accounts in the context allowed by the user’s rights. Please see the MSRC Blog Entry for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability.
INFO
Published Date :
June 1, 2022, 8:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
Oct. 30, 2025, 7:19 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CISA KEV (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities)
For the benefit of the cybersecurity community and network defenders—and to help every organization better manage vulnerabilities and keep pace with threat activity—CISA maintains the authoritative source of vulnerabilities that have been exploited in the wild.
A remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run code with the privileges of the calling application.
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
Known Detected Feb 26, 2026
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30190
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2022-30190
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 2.0 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Solution
- Apply the latest security updates.
- Reboot the system if required by the updates.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github
CVE-2022-30190 has a 259 public
PoC/Exploit available at Github.
Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2022-30190.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-30190 | Vendor Advisory |
| http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167438/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSDTJS-Code-Execution.html | Exploit Third Party Advisory VDB Entry |
| https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-30190 | Patch Vendor Advisory |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-30190 | US Government Resource |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2022-30190 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2022-30190
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
None
Async threat intelligence correlation engine. Auto-parses IOCs from raw text, enriches them across 6 TI feeds in parallel, exports STIX/MISP/Sigma/Suricata. Works keyless out of the box.
asyncio blue-team cybersecurity incident-response ioc-checker misp python siem sigma soc-analyst stix suricata threat-hunting threat-intelligence virustotal
Dockerfile Python HTML JavaScript CSS
TryHackMe SOC Level 1 — Follina CVE-2022-30190, Nim C2, Chisel, PrintSpoofer, backdoor accounts
None
PowerShell Python
None
Python Jinja
Python CLI tool that extracts and enriches indicators of compromise (IOCs) from threat reports - IPs, domains, hashes, emails, CVEs. Supports AbuseIPDB, VirusTotal, and NVD enrichment. Outputs to terminal, JSON, CSV, or SQLite.
api-integration automation cybersecurity ioc-extraction python security-operations-center soc
Python
Vulnerability remediation playbooks: detect, fix, validate, rollback — one folder per finding
PowerShell Shell
Deep-dive CVE root cause analysis: code-level breakdowns, patch diffs, and custom research tooling
Python
None
Python HTML
A security research framework designed to map CVE profiles against telemetry policies (Sigma/YARA) to programmatically expose corporate detection gaps and output structured feature data for AI model ingestion.
Python
None
None
Python
None
JavaScript HTML Shell CSS Batchfile
Follina CTF Walkthrough
Full exploit chain lab and Suricata IDS detection for CVE-2022-30190 (Follina) - MSDT RCE
HTML
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2022-30190 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
-
The Cyber Express
China-linked RedNovember Campaign Shows Importance of Patching Edge Devices
A long-running threat campaign linked to a Chinese state-sponsored cyber-espionage group highlights the importance of patching and protecting edge devices and internet-facing assets. RedNovember – pre ... Read more
-
The Hacker News
Researchers Uncover GPT-4-Powered MalTerminal Malware Creating Ransomware, Reverse Shell
Cybersecurity researchers have discovered what they say is the earliest example known to date of a malware with that bakes in Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities. The malware has been codenamed Ma ... Read more
-
AttackIQ
Emulating the Expedited Warlock Ransomware
Introduction Warlock is a ransomware strain operating under the Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) model that emerged in June 2025, following an advertisement on the Russian Anonymous Marketplace (RAMP) w ... Read more
-
security.nl
Microsoft Outlook gaat meer bij aanvallen gebruikte bestandstypes blokkeren
Microsoft zal vanaf volgende maand meer bij aanvallen gebruikte bestandstypes standaard in Outlook Web en de nieuwe Outlook voor Windows blokkeren, zo heeft het techbedrijf via het Microsoft 365 Messa ... Read more
-
BleepingComputer
Microsoft Outlook to block more risky attachments used in attacks
Microsoft announced it will expand the list of blocked attachments in Outlook Web and the new Outlook for Windows starting next month. The company said on Monday in a Microsoft 365 Message Center upda ... Read more
-
The Hacker News
Top 3 MS Office Exploits Hackers Use in 2025 – Stay Alert!
Hackers have long used Word and Excel documents as delivery vehicles for malware, and in 2025, these tricks are far from outdated. From phishing schemes to zero-click exploits, malicious Office files ... Read more
-
The Cyber Express
Black Basta Chat Logs Reveal Ransomware Group’s TTPs, IoCs
The Black Basta ransomware group has fallen off dramatically in 2025, and chat logs leaked recently show that internal squabbling may be behind the group’s slowed activity. Cyble threat intelligence r ... Read more
-
Kaspersky
Exploits and vulnerabilities in Q2 2024
Q2 2024 was eventful in terms of new interesting vulnerabilities and exploitation techniques for applications and operating systems. Attacks through vulnerable drivers have become prevalent as a gener ... Read more
-
Dark Reading
Russia's 'Fighting Ursa' APT Uses Car Ads to Install HeadLace Malware
Source: Uwe Deffner via Alamy Stock PhotoA prolific Russian threat actor known as Fighting Ursa is targeting diplomats through a used-car sale email scheme that then distributes HeadLace backdoor malw ... Read more
-
Darktrace
Confluence CVE-2022-26134 Zero-Day: Detection & Guidance
What is WarmCookie malware?WarmCookie, also known as BadSpace [2], is a two-stage backdoor tool that provides functionality for threat actors to retrieve victim information and launch additional paylo ... Read more
-
huntress.com
Rapid Response: Microsoft Office RCE - “Follina” MSDT Attack | Huntress
This post, as is the norm for emerging threats, is a developing article and may be subject to change as the Huntress team learns more about this attack vector and new information is available.UPDATE 4 ... Read more
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2022-30190 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
Modified Analysis by [email protected]
Oct. 30, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference Type CISA-ADP: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-30190 Types: US Government Resource -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Oct. 22, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-30190 -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Oct. 21, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Removed Reference https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-30190 -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Oct. 21, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-30190 -
Modified Analysis by [email protected]
Apr. 04, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CWE NVD-CWE-noinfo Removed CWE CWE-610 Changed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.17763.3046 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19043.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19042.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19042.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.22000.739 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19044.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.10240.19325 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.14393.5192 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.14393.5192 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.17763.3046 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.20348.770 OR *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.17763.3046 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19043.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19042.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19042.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.22000.739 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19044.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.10240.19325 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.14393.5192 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.14393.5192 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.17763.3046 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.20348.770 Added Reference Type Microsoft Corporation: https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-30190 Types: Vendor Advisory -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Jan. 02, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Description A remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application. The attacker can then install programs, view, change, or delete data, or create new accounts in the context allowed by the user’s rights. Please see the MSRC Blog Entry for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability. A remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application. The attacker can then install programs, view, change, or delete data, or create new accounts in the context allowed by the user’s rights. Please see the MSRC Blog Entry for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability. Added Reference https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-30190 Removed Reference http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167438/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSDTJS-Code-Execution.html Removed Reference https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-30190 Removed Reference Type http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167438/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSDTJS-Code-Execution.html Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry Removed Reference Type https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-30190 Types: Patch, Vendor Advisory -
CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Nov. 21, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167438/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSDTJS-Code-Execution.html Added Reference https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-30190 -
Modified Analysis by [email protected]
Jun. 28, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Reference Type http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167438/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSDTJS-Code-Execution.html No Types Assigned http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167438/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSDTJS-Code-Execution.html Exploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry Changed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:21h1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* OR *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.10240.19325 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.14393.5192 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.17763.3046 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19042.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19043.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19044.1766 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.22000.739 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.14393.5192 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.17763.3046 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.20348.770 *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 10.0.19042.1766 -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
May. 28, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Description <p>A remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application. The attacker can then install programs, view, change, or delete data, or create new accounts in the context allowed by the user’s rights.</p> <p>Please see the <a href="https://aka.ms/CVE-2022-30190-Guidance">MSRC Blog Entry</a> for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability.</p> A remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application. The attacker can then install programs, view, change, or delete data, or create new accounts in the context allowed by the user’s rights. Please see the MSRC Blog Entry for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability. -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
May. 14, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Dec. 20, 2023
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Description Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. <p>A remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application. The attacker can then install programs, view, change, or delete data, or create new accounts in the context allowed by the user’s rights.</p> <p>Please see the <a href="https://aka.ms/CVE-2022-30190-Guidance">MSRC Blog Entry</a> for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability.</p> -
CWE Remap by [email protected]
Aug. 08, 2023
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed CWE NVD-CWE-noinfo CWE-610 -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Jun. 07, 2022
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167438/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSDTJS-Code-Execution.html [No Types Assigned] -
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Jun. 02, 2022
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V2 Metadata Victim must voluntarily interact with attack mechanism Added CVSS V2 NIST (AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C) Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Changed Reference Type https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-30190 No Types Assigned https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-30190 Patch, Vendor Advisory Added CWE NIST NVD-CWE-noinfo Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:21h1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11:-:*:*:*:*:*:arm64:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11:-:*:*:*:*:*:x64:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*