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10.0
CRITICAL CVSS 3.1
CVE-2023-25574
JupyterHub's LTI13Authenticator: JWT signature not validated
Description

`jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator` is a JupyterHub authenticator for learning tools interoperability (LTI). LTI13Authenticator that was introduced in `jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator` 1.3.0 wasn't validating JWT signatures. This is believed to allow the LTI13Authenticator to authorize a forged request. Only users that has configured a JupyterHub installation to use the authenticator class `LTI13Authenticator` are affected. `jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator` version 1.4.0 removes LTI13Authenticator to address the issue. No known workarounds are available.

INFO

Published Date :

Feb. 25, 2025, 3:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Sept. 2, 2025, 9:36 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

[email protected]
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2023-25574 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Jupyter lti_jupyterhub_authenticator
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
Solution
Update jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator to version 1.4.0 to fix JWT signature validation.
  • Update jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator to version 1.4.0.
  • Remove LTI13Authenticator if not updating.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2023-25574.

URL Resource
https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py#L122-L164 Product
https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#140---2023-03-01 Release Notes
https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/security/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp Vendor Advisory
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2023-25574 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2023-25574 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2023-25574 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2023-25574 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Sep. 02, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:lti_jupyterhub_authenticator:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py#L122-L164 Types: Product
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#140---2023-03-01 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/security/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp Types: Vendor Advisory
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Feb. 25, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description `jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator` is a JupyterHub authenticator for learning tools interoperability (LTI). LTI13Authenticator that was introduced in `jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator` 1.3.0 wasn't validating JWT signatures. This is believed to allow the LTI13Authenticator to authorize a forged request. Only users that has configured a JupyterHub installation to use the authenticator class `LTI13Authenticator` are affected. `jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator` version 1.4.0 removes LTI13Authenticator to address the issue. No known workarounds are available.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-347
    Added Reference https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py#L122-L164
    Added Reference https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#140---2023-03-01
    Added Reference https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/security/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 10
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact