CVE-2023-34459
OpenZeppelin Contracts Multi-Proof Merkle Tree Forgery
Description
OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Starting in version 4.7.0 and prior to version 4.9.2, when the `verifyMultiProof`, `verifyMultiProofCalldata`, `procesprocessMultiProof`, or `processMultiProofCalldat` functions are in use, it is possible to construct merkle trees that allow forging a valid multiproof for an arbitrary set of leaves. A contract may be vulnerable if it uses multiproofs for verification and the merkle tree that is processed includes a node with value 0 at depth 1 (just under the root). This could happen inadvertedly for balanced trees with 3 leaves or less, if the leaves are not hashed. This could happen deliberately if a malicious tree builder includes such a node in the tree. A contract is not vulnerable if it uses single-leaf proving (`verify`, `verifyCalldata`, `processProof`, or `processProofCalldata`), or if it uses multiproofs with a known tree that has hashed leaves. Standard merkle trees produced or validated with the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree library are safe. The problem has been patched in version 4.9.2. Some workarounds are available. For those using multiproofs: When constructing merkle trees hash the leaves and do not insert empty nodes in your trees. Using the @openzeppelin/merkle-tree package eliminates this issue. Do not accept user-provided merkle roots without reconstructing at least the first level of the tree. Verify the merkle tree structure by reconstructing it from the leaves.
INFO
Published Date :
June 16, 2023, 11:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
June 26, 2023, 6:50 p.m.
Source :
[email protected]
Remotely Exploitable :
Yes !
Impact Score :
3.6
Exploitability Score :
2.2
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github
CVE-2023-34459 has a 1 public PoC/Exploit available at Github.
Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2023-34459
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2023-34459.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
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The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2023-34459 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2023-34459 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
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CVE Modified by [email protected]
May. 14, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value -
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Jun. 26, 2023
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Changed Reference Type https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/4d2383e17186be3e8ccf5a442e9686ecc7de1c55 No Types Assigned https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/commit/4d2383e17186be3e8ccf5a442e9686ecc7de1c55 Patch Changed Reference Type https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.2 No Types Assigned https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/releases/tag/v4.9.2 Release Notes Changed Reference Type https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p No Types Assigned https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-wprv-93r4-jj2p Vendor Advisory Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:openzeppelin:contracts:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 4.7.0 up to (excluding) 4.9.2 *cpe:2.3:a:openzeppelin:contracts_upgradeable:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 4.7.0 up to (excluding) 4.9.2
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2023-34459 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2023-34459
weaknesses.
Exploit Prediction
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.
0.09 }} 0.01%
score
0.38468
percentile