7.1
HIGH
CVE-2023-44378
Gnark Field Overflow Decomposition Vulnerability
Description

gnark is a zk-SNARK library that offers a high-level API to design circuits. Prior to version 0.9.0, for some in-circuit values, it is possible to construct two valid decomposition to bits. In addition to the canonical decomposition of `a`, for small values there exists a second decomposition for `a+r` (where `r` is the modulus the values are being reduced by). The second decomposition was possible due to overflowing the field where the values are defined. Upgrading to version 0.9.0 should fix the issue without needing to change the calls to value comparison methods.

INFO

Published Date :

Oct. 9, 2023, 2:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Oct. 13, 2023, 6:43 p.m.

Source :

[email protected]

Remotely Exploitable :

No

Impact Score :

4.0

Exploitability Score :

2.5
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2023-44378 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Consensys gnark-crypto
2 Consensys gnark
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 2
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2023-44378.

URL Resource
https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/59a4087261a6c73f13e80d695c17b398c3d0934f Patch
https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/security/advisories/GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg Mitigation Patch Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/zkopru-network/zkopru/issues/116 Not Applicable

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2023-44378 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2023-44378 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 14, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Oct. 13, 2023

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
    Changed Reference Type https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/59a4087261a6c73f13e80d695c17b398c3d0934f No Types Assigned https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/59a4087261a6c73f13e80d695c17b398c3d0934f Patch
    Changed Reference Type https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/security/advisories/GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg No Types Assigned https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/security/advisories/GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg Mitigation, Patch, Third Party Advisory
    Changed Reference Type https://github.com/zkopru-network/zkopru/issues/116 No Types Assigned https://github.com/zkopru-network/zkopru/issues/116 Not Applicable
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:consensys:gnark:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 0.9.0
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2023-44378 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2023-44378 weaknesses.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters CAPEC-6: Argument Injection Argument Injection CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection Blind SQL Injection CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call Buffer Overflow in an API Call CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters Command Delimiters CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File Overflow Binary Resource File CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags Overflow Variables and Tags CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion CAPEC-52: Embedding NULL Bytes Embedding NULL Bytes CAPEC-53: Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog() String Format Overflow in syslog() CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename User-Controlled Filename CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection OS Command Injection CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow Forced Integer Overflow CAPEC-120: Double Encoding Double Encoding CAPEC-182: Flash Injection Flash Injection CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding Leverage Alternate Encoding
Exploit Prediction

EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.

0.11 }} 0.04%

score

0.43394

percentile

CVSS31 - Vulnerability Scoring System
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