Withdrawn: this CVE is not a vulnerability
The assigning CNA withdrew CVE-2023-54404 on 28 October 2026, and it carries the Rejected state at CVE.org and NVD. It must not be treated as a live finding. Its pre-withdrawal severity, score and exploitability are withheld below; the record itself is kept because withdrawals are reversible and because the reject reason is the correction worth publishing.
WITHDRAWN
CVE-2023-54404
Zod Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Unbounded Array, Set, and Map Validation
Overview
Description
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. The described memory use only grows in proportion to input already allocated by JSON.parse before Zod runs, is reachable only without an application request-size limit, and reflects expected validator behavior rather than a defect in Zod.
Details
INFO
Published Date :
Oct. 1, 2026, 6:17 p.m.
Last Modified :
Oct. 28, 2026, 10:17 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
—
Source :
[email protected]
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework
for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems.
We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10 | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | MITRE-CVE | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10 | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2023-54404 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2023-54404 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Oct. 28, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Removed Tag VulnCheck: disputed Changed Description Zod schema-validation library contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array, set or map to an application that uses a container schema without an explicit size constraint. The handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray (and the equivalent set and map paths) accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate one issue object per element and crash under out-of-memory conditions. This is reachable in the default configuration whenever a container schema such as z.array() is declared without a size bound. The upstream change in commit e06a510 (pull request 6652, first released in 4.6.6) only moves the .max(), .length() and .size() size checks to run before element parsing, so it rejects oversized input for schemas that declare an explicit upper bound; per the maintainer, unbounded containers are unchanged. No released version remediates the unbounded (default) case described here, and an opt-in setting to cap total accumulated errors was proposed but not merged. Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. The described memory use only grows in proportion to input already allocated by JSON.parse before Zod runs, is reachable only without an application request-size limit, and reflects expected validator behavior rather than a defect in Zod. Removed CVSS V4.0 VulnCheck: AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Removed CVSS V3.1 VulnCheck: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Removed CVSS V3.1 nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Removed CWE VulnCheck: CWE-1188 Removed CWE VulnCheck: CWE-770 Removed CWE nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: CWE-770 Removed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:zod:zod:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 0 up to (including) 4.6.5 Added Affected Affected value removed. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2023/54xxx/CVE-2023-54404.json">CVE-2023-54404</a> Removed Reference VulnCheck: https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872 Removed Reference VulnCheck: https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475 Removed Reference VulnCheck: https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6652 Removed Reference VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation Removed Reference nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872 Removed Reference nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475 Removed Reference nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation Removed Reference Type nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872 Types: Exploit, Issue Tracking, Mitigation, Patch, Vendor Advisory Removed Reference Type nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475 Types: Patch, Vendor Advisory Removed Reference Type nvd-ai-agent-0.4.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation Types: Exploit, Patch, Third Party Advisory -
CVE Rejected by [email protected]
Oct. 28, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Oct. 28, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Tag disputed -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Oct. 22, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Description Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5, fixed in commit e06a510, contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions. Zod schema-validation library contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array, set or map to an application that uses a container schema without an explicit size constraint. The handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray (and the equivalent set and map paths) accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate one issue object per element and crash under out-of-memory conditions. This is reachable in the default configuration whenever a container schema such as z.array() is declared without a size bound. The upstream change in commit e06a510 (pull request 6652, first released in 4.6.6) only moves the .max(), .length() and .size() size checks to run before element parsing, so it rejects oversized input for schemas that declare an explicit upper bound; per the maintainer, unbounded containers are unchanged. No released version remediates the unbounded (default) case described here, and an opt-in setting to cap total accumulated errors was proposed but not merged. Added CWE CWE-1188 Added Affected Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2023/54xxx/CVE-2023-54404.json">CVE-2023-54404</a> -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Oct. 13, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Description Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions. Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5, fixed in commit e06a510, contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions. Added Affected Affected value modified. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2023/54xxx/CVE-2023-54404.json">CVE-2023-54404</a> Added Reference https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6652 -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Oct. 06, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2023-54404', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'yes'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-10-06T01:56:37.688335Z'} -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Oct. 01, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Added CWE CWE-770 Added Affected New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2023/54xxx/CVE-2023-54404.json">CVE-2023-54404</a> Added Reference https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872 Added Reference https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475 Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity
being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS
score history of the vulnerability.