7.2
HIGH
CVE-2024-2659
QNAP SMM/FPC Command Injection Vulnerability
Description
A command injection vulnerability was identified in SMM/SMM2 and FPC that could allow an authenticated user with elevated privileges to execute system commands when performing a specific administrative function.
INFO
Published Date :
April 15, 2024, 6:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
July 28, 2025, 1:06 p.m.
Source :
[email protected]
Remotely Exploitable :
Yes !
Impact Score :
5.9
Exploitability Score :
1.2
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2024-2659
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2024-2659.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-140420 | Vendor Advisory |
| https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-140420 | Vendor Advisory |
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2024-2659 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2024-2659 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Jul. 28, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:nextscale_n1200_enclosure_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) FHET62A-3.50 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:nextscale_n1200_enclosure:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_cp-cb-10_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) TESM40B-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_cp-cb-10:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_cp-cb-10e_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) TESM40B-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_cp-cb-10e:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx_enclosure_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx_enclosure:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3721_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3721:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1021_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1021:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx_e1_enclosure_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx_e1_enclosure:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx_e2_enclosure_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx_e2_enclosure:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1321_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1321:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx2321_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx2321:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3321_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3321:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1331_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1331:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx2331_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx2331:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3331_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3331:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx630_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx630_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3376_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3376:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx645_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx645_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1521-r_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx1521-r:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3521-g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx3521-g:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx5521_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx5521:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx5521-c_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx5521-c:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx7521_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx7521:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx5531_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx5531:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx7531_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx7531:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx650_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx650_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx665_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx665_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_hx7821_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_hx7821:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3720_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3720:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_2u4n_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_2u4n:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx1320_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx1320:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_1se_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_1se:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3320_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3320:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx2320_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx2320:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7320-n_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7320-n:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_1u_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_1u:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx2330_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx2330:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3330_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3330:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7330-n_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7330-n:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3331_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3331:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx630_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx630_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx630_v4_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx630_v4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx635_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx635_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx2375_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx2375:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3375_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3375:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7375-n_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7375-n:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3376_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3376:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx645_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx645_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5520_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5520:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7520_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7520:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3520-g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3520-g:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5520_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5520:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_2u_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_2u:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3530-g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3530-g:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5530_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5530:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7530_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7530:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7531_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7531:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx650_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx650_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx650_v4_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx650_v4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx655_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx655_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5575_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx5575:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7575_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7575:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3575-g_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx3575-g:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx665_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx665_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx850_v3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx850_v3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_4u_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx_4u:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7820_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) tesm40b-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinkagile_vx7820:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinksystem_d2_enclosure_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) TESM40B-1.27 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinksystem_d2_enclosure:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinksystem_da240_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) UMSM12I-1.1.3 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinksystem_da240:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:lenovo:thinksystem_dw612_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) UMSM12I-1.1.3 OR cpe:2.3:h:lenovo:thinksystem_dw612:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* Added Reference Type CVE: https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-140420 Types: Vendor Advisory Added Reference Type Lenovo Group Ltd.: https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-140420 Types: Vendor Advisory -
CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Nov. 21, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-140420 -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Jul. 11, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 CISA-ADP AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
May. 14, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value -
CVE Received by [email protected]
Apr. 15, 2024
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description A command injection vulnerability was identified in SMM/SMM2 and FPC that could allow an authenticated user with elevated privileges to execute system commands when performing a specific administrative function. Added Reference Lenovo Group Ltd. https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-140420 [No types assigned] Added CWE Lenovo Group Ltd. CWE-78 Added CVSS V3.1 Lenovo Group Ltd. AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity
being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS
score history of the vulnerability.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2024-2659 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2024-2659
weaknesses.
CAPEC-6: Argument Injection Argument Injection
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters Command Delimiters
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection OS Command Injection
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
CVSS31 - Vulnerability Scoring System
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability