CVE-2025-1550
Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading
Description
The Keras Model.load_model function permits arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True, through a manually constructed, malicious .keras archive. By altering the config.json file within the archive, an attacker can specify arbitrary Python modules and functions, along with their arguments, to be loaded and executed during model loading.
INFO
Published Date :
March 11, 2025, 9:15 a.m.
Last Modified :
July 31, 2025, 4:55 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | CRITICAL | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Solution
- Update Keras to the latest version.
- Avoid loading untrusted .keras archives.
- Validate archive contents before loading.
- Use secure model serialization formats.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github
CVE-2025-1550 has a 6 public
PoC/Exploit available at Github.
Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-1550.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751 | Issue Tracking Patch |
| https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550/ | Exploit Third Party Advisory |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-1550 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-1550
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
None
Python HTML
These are Bug Bounty writeups of Busfactors . Do you have any make PR I will add that one
None
Go
Artifacts supporting the paper: “When Secure Isn’t: Assessing the Security of Machine Learning Model Sharing"
Dockerfile Shell Python
Repository of Bug-Bounty Writeups
bugbounty fuzzing penetration-testing security-tools
📡 PoC auto collect from GitHub. ⚠️ Be careful Malware.
security cve exploit poc vulnerability
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-1550 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
-
Daily CyberSecurity
Critical Keras 3 RCE Flaw (CVE-2025-49655, CVSS 9.8) Allows Code Execution on Model Load
Researchers at HiddenLayer have disclosed a critical arbitrary code execution vulnerability in the Keras 3 deep learning framework (CVE-2025-49655, CVSS 9.8), which affects the Torch backend of Keras ... Read more
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-1550 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Jul. 31, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:keras:keras:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.0.0 up to (excluding) 3.8.0 Added Reference Type Google Inc.: https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751 Types: Issue Tracking, Patch Added Reference Type Google Inc.: https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550/ Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Jul. 22, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550/ -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Mar. 11, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description The Keras Model.load_model function permits arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True, through a manually constructed, malicious .keras archive. By altering the config.json file within the archive, an attacker can specify arbitrary Python modules and functions, along with their arguments, to be loaded and executed during model loading. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CWE CWE-94 Added Reference https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751