CVE-2025-1727
Amtrak FRED Protocol BCH Checksum Vulnerability
Description
The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake systems.
INFO
Published Date :
July 10, 2025, 11:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
July 15, 2025, 1:14 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
No
Source :
[email protected]
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2025-1727
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
No affected product recoded yet
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Solution
- Update RF communication protocol firmware.
- Implement strong authentication for RF commands.
- Validate packet integrity using robust checksums.
- Monitor RF communications for anomalies.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-1727.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-191-10 |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-1727 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-1727
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-1727 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
-
security.nl
CISA: 'Remsystemen van treinen manipuleerbaar via kwetsbaarheid in protocol'
De Amerikaanse CISA waarschuwt voor een kwetsbaarheid waardoor kwaadwillenden de remmen van treinen kunnen manipuleren. Het gaat om een beveiligingsprobleem in een protocol dat wordt ingezet voor het ... Read more
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CybersecurityNews
20-Year-Old Vulnerability Allows Hackers to Control Train Brakes
CISA has issued a critical advisory warning about a severe vulnerability in railway communication systems that could allow attackers to control train brakes remotely. The vulnerability, assigned CVE-2 ... Read more
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The Register
A software-defined radio can derail a US train by slamming the brakes on remotely
When independent security researcher Neil Smith reported a vulnerability in a comms standard used by trains to the US government in 2012, he most likely didn't expect it would take until 2025 to sort ... Read more
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-1727 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Jul. 10, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake systems. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CVSS V3.1 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H Added CWE CWE-1390 Added Reference https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-191-10