1. Home
  2. Vulnerabilities
  3. CVE-2025-21811
7.8
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-21811
"Nilfs2 Linux Kernel Use After Free Vulnerability"
Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers(), which iterates through the buffers attached to dirty data folios/pages, accesses the attached buffers without locking the folios/pages. For data cache, nilfs_clear_folio_dirty() may be called asynchronously when the file system degenerates to read only, so nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers() still has the potential to cause use after free issues when buffers lose the protection of their dirty state midway due to this asynchronous clearing and are unintentionally freed by try_to_free_buffers(). Eliminate this race issue by adjusting the lock section in this function.

INFO

Published Date :

Feb. 27, 2025, 8:16 p.m.

Last Modified :

March 21, 2025, 6:30 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

No

Source :

416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-21811 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Linux linux_kernel
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 HIGH 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Solution
Update the Linux kernel to a version that includes the fix for the race condition in nilfs2.
  • Update the Linux kernel to the latest stable version.
  • Recompile the kernel if necessary.
  • Apply the provided patch to the kernel source.
  • Test the system after the update.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-21811.

URL Resource
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/367a9bffabe08c04f6d725032cce3d891b2b9e1a Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b08d23d7d1917bef4fbee8ad81372f49b006656 Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58c27fa7a610b6e8d44e6220e7dbddfbaccaf439 Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72cf688d0ce7e642b12ddc9b2a42524737ec1b4a Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e1b9201c9a24638cf09c6e1c9f224157328010b Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c437dfac9f7a5a46ac2a5e6d6acd3059e9f68188 Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d8ff250e085a4c4cdda4ad1cdd234ed110393143 Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1fc4a90a90ea8514246c45435662531975937d9 Patch
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-21811 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-21811 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-21811 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-21811 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Mar. 21, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.13 up to (excluding) 6.13.2 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.2 up to (excluding) 6.6.76 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.7 up to (excluding) 6.12.13 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.10 up to (excluding) 5.4.291 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.11 up to (excluding) 5.15.179 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.16 up to (excluding) 6.1.129 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.5 up to (excluding) 5.10.235
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/367a9bffabe08c04f6d725032cce3d891b2b9e1a Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b08d23d7d1917bef4fbee8ad81372f49b006656 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58c27fa7a610b6e8d44e6220e7dbddfbaccaf439 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72cf688d0ce7e642b12ddc9b2a42524737ec1b4a Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e1b9201c9a24638cf09c6e1c9f224157328010b Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c437dfac9f7a5a46ac2a5e6d6acd3059e9f68188 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d8ff250e085a4c4cdda4ad1cdd234ed110393143 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1fc4a90a90ea8514246c45435662531975937d9 Types: Patch
  • CVE Modified by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

    Mar. 13, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72cf688d0ce7e642b12ddc9b2a42524737ec1b4a
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d8ff250e085a4c4cdda4ad1cdd234ed110393143
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1fc4a90a90ea8514246c45435662531975937d9
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Mar. 04, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-416
  • New CVE Received by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

    Feb. 27, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers(), which iterates through the buffers attached to dirty data folios/pages, accesses the attached buffers without locking the folios/pages. For data cache, nilfs_clear_folio_dirty() may be called asynchronously when the file system degenerates to read only, so nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers() still has the potential to cause use after free issues when buffers lose the protection of their dirty state midway due to this asynchronous clearing and are unintentionally freed by try_to_free_buffers(). Eliminate this race issue by adjusting the lock section in this function.
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/367a9bffabe08c04f6d725032cce3d891b2b9e1a
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b08d23d7d1917bef4fbee8ad81372f49b006656
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58c27fa7a610b6e8d44e6220e7dbddfbaccaf439
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e1b9201c9a24638cf09c6e1c9f224157328010b
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c437dfac9f7a5a46ac2a5e6d6acd3059e9f68188
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 7.8
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact