CVE-2025-22035
Linux Kernel: Ftrace Tracing Use-After-Free Vulnerability in print_graph_function_flags
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching Kairui reported a UAF issue in print_graph_function_flags() during ftrace stress testing [1]. This issue can be reproduced if puting a 'mdelay(10)' after 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' in s_start(), and executing the following script: $ echo function_graph > current_tracer $ cat trace > /dev/null & $ sleep 5 # Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point $ echo timerlat > current_tracer The root cause lies in the two calls to print_graph_function_flags within print_trace_line during each s_show(): * One through 'iter->trace->print_line()'; * Another through 'event->funcs->trace()', which is hidden in print_trace_fmt() before print_trace_line returns. Tracer switching only updates the former, while the latter continues to use the print_line function of the old tracer, which in the script above is print_graph_function_flags. Moreover, when switching from the 'function_graph' tracer to the 'timerlat' tracer, s_start only calls graph_trace_close of the 'function_graph' tracer to free 'iter->private', but does not set it to NULL. This provides an opportunity for 'event->funcs->trace()' to use an invalid 'iter->private'. To fix this issue, set 'iter->private' to NULL immediately after freeing it in graph_trace_close(), ensuring that an invalid pointer is not passed to other tracers. Additionally, clean up the unnecessary 'iter->private = NULL' during each 'cat trace' when using wakeup and irqsoff tracers. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/
INFO
Published Date :
April 16, 2025, 3:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
April 25, 2025, 6:43 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
No
Source :
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 |
Solution
- Update the Linux kernel to the latest version.
- Apply the provided patch for tracing use-after-free.
- Ensure iter->private is NULL after freeing.
- Clean up iter->private during specific tracer switches.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-22035.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-22035 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-22035
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-22035 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-22035 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Apr. 25, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.13 up to (excluding) 6.13.11 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.14 up to (excluding) 6.14.2 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.7 up to (excluding) 6.12.23 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 4.14.324 up to (excluding) 4.15 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 4.19.293 up to (excluding) 4.20 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.10.193 up to (excluding) 5.10.236 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.4.255 up to (excluding) 5.4.292 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 5.15.129 up to (excluding) 5.15.180 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.1.50 up to (excluding) 6.1.134 *cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 6.4.13 up to (excluding) 6.6.87 Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/099ef3385800828b74933a96c117574637c3fb3a Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42561fe62c3628ea3bc9623f64f047605e98857f Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70be951bc01e4a0e10d443f3510bb17426f257fb Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f81f27b1093e4895e87b74143c59c055c3b1906 Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/81a85b12132c8ffe98f5ddbdc185481790aeaa1b Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2cce54c1748216535dda02e185d07a084be837e Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c85efe6e13743cac6ba4ccf144cb91f44c86231a Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de7b309139f862a44379ecd96e93c9133c69f813 Types: Patch Added Reference Type kernel.org: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f14752d66056d0c7bffe5092130409417d3baa70 Types: Patch -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Apr. 21, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CWE CWE-416 -
New CVE Received by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Apr. 16, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching Kairui reported a UAF issue in print_graph_function_flags() during ftrace stress testing [1]. This issue can be reproduced if puting a 'mdelay(10)' after 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' in s_start(), and executing the following script: $ echo function_graph > current_tracer $ cat trace > /dev/null & $ sleep 5 # Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point $ echo timerlat > current_tracer The root cause lies in the two calls to print_graph_function_flags within print_trace_line during each s_show(): * One through 'iter->trace->print_line()'; * Another through 'event->funcs->trace()', which is hidden in print_trace_fmt() before print_trace_line returns. Tracer switching only updates the former, while the latter continues to use the print_line function of the old tracer, which in the script above is print_graph_function_flags. Moreover, when switching from the 'function_graph' tracer to the 'timerlat' tracer, s_start only calls graph_trace_close of the 'function_graph' tracer to free 'iter->private', but does not set it to NULL. This provides an opportunity for 'event->funcs->trace()' to use an invalid 'iter->private'. To fix this issue, set 'iter->private' to NULL immediately after freeing it in graph_trace_close(), ensuring that an invalid pointer is not passed to other tracers. Additionally, clean up the unnecessary 'iter->private = NULL' during each 'cat trace' when using wakeup and irqsoff tracers. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/ Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/099ef3385800828b74933a96c117574637c3fb3a Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42561fe62c3628ea3bc9623f64f047605e98857f Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70be951bc01e4a0e10d443f3510bb17426f257fb Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f81f27b1093e4895e87b74143c59c055c3b1906 Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/81a85b12132c8ffe98f5ddbdc185481790aeaa1b Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2cce54c1748216535dda02e185d07a084be837e Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c85efe6e13743cac6ba4ccf144cb91f44c86231a Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de7b309139f862a44379ecd96e93c9133c69f813 Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f14752d66056d0c7bffe5092130409417d3baa70