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9.8
CRITICAL CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-25292
Apache Ruby SAML XML Parser Signature Wrapping Authentication Bypass
Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.

INFO

Published Date :

March 12, 2025, 9:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Aug. 1, 2025, 6:20 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

[email protected]
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-25292 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Gitlab gitlab
1 Netapp storagegrid
1 Onelogin ruby-saml
1 Omniauth omniauth_saml
: Total Affected Vendor : 4 | Products : 4
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
CVSS 4.0 CRITICAL [email protected]
Solution
Update ruby-saml to versions 1.12.4 or 1.18.0 to fix authentication bypass.
  • Update ruby-saml to version 1.12.4 or later.
  • Apply patches provided for ruby-saml versions.
  • Review SAML parser configurations for consistency.
  • Test SAML integrations after applying updates.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2025-25292 has a 1 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-25292.

URL Resource
https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released Patch
https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9 Patch
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97 Patch
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4 Release Notes
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0 Release Notes
https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2 Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv Vendor Advisory
https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 Issue Tracking
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/ Third Party Advisory
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-25292 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-25292 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Profile Photo
SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml

SAML SSO for Ruby

Ruby

Updated: 3 weeks, 2 days ago
955 stars 531 fork 531 watcher
Born at : May 3, 2010, 6:39 p.m. This repo has been linked 4 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-25292 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-25292 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Reanalysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 01, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:netapp:storagegrid:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 01, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.10.6 *cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.12.4 *cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 1.13.0 up to (excluding) 1.18.0 *cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions from (including) 2.0.0 up to (excluding) 2.1.3 *cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions from (including) 2.2.0 up to (excluding) 2.2.3
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv Types: Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2 Types: Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 Types: Issue Tracking
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/ Types: Third Party Advisory
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Mar. 20, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Removed CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added Reference https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Mar. 15, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Mar. 14, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Mar. 12, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Removed CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added Reference https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Mar. 12, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-347
    Added CWE CWE-436
    Added Reference https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
    Added Reference https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 9.3
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Attack Requirements
Privileges Required
User Interaction
VS Confidentiality
VS Integrity
VS Availability
SS Confidentiality
SS Integrity
SS Availability
Base CVSS Score: 9.8
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact