9.8
CRITICAL
CVE-2025-25292
Apache Ruby SAML XML Parser Signature Wrapping Authentication Bypass
Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.

INFO

Published Date :

March 12, 2025, 9:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Aug. 1, 2025, 6:20 p.m.

Remotely Exploitable :

Yes !

Impact Score :

5.9

Exploitability Score :

3.9
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2025-25292 has a 1 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-25292 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Gitlab gitlab
1 Netapp storagegrid
1 Onelogin ruby-saml
1 Omniauth omniauth_saml

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

SAML SSO for Ruby

Ruby

Updated: 3 days, 19 hours ago
955 stars 531 fork 531 watcher
Born at : May 3, 2010, 6:39 p.m. This repo has been linked 4 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-25292 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-25292 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Reanalysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 01, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:netapp:storagegrid:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 01, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.10.6 *cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.12.4 *cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 1.13.0 up to (excluding) 1.18.0 *cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions from (including) 2.0.0 up to (excluding) 2.1.3 *cpe:2.3:a:omniauth:omniauth_saml:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions from (including) 2.2.0 up to (excluding) 2.2.3
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv Types: Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97 Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2 Types: Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 Types: Issue Tracking
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/ Types: Third Party Advisory
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Mar. 20, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Removed CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added Reference https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Mar. 15, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Mar. 14, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Mar. 12, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Removed CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added Reference https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Mar. 12, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-347
    Added CWE CWE-436
    Added Reference https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
    Added Reference https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
    Added Reference https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-25292 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

CVSS31 - Vulnerability Scoring System
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability