4.2
MEDIUM
CVE-2025-32441
Rack Session Pool Session Hijacking Vulnerability
Description

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to version 2.2.14, when using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session. Rack session middleware prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests. When using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout. Version 2.2.14 contains a patch for the issue. Some other mitigations are available. Either ensure the application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a `logged_out` flag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse; or implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began.

INFO

Published Date :

May 7, 2025, 11:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

May 8, 2025, 2:39 p.m.

Remotely Exploitable :

Yes !

Impact Score :

2.5

Exploitability Score :

1.6
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2025-32441 has a 1 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-32441 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Rack rack
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-32441.

URL Resource
https://github.com/rack/rack/blob/v2.2.13/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb#L263-L270
https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/c48e52f7c57e99e1e1bf54c8760d4f082cd1c89d
https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4g

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Community reconstruction of the legacy JSON NVD Data Feeds. This project uses and redistributes data from the NVD API but is neither endorsed nor certified by the NVD.

Shell

Updated: 1 day, 21 hours ago
154 stars 21 fork 21 watcher
Born at : May 17, 2023, 8 a.m. This repo has been linked 30 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-32441 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-32441 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    May. 07, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to version 2.2.14, when using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session. Rack session middleware prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests. When using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout. Version 2.2.14 contains a patch for the issue. Some other mitigations are available. Either ensure the application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a `logged_out` flag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse; or implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
    Added CWE CWE-362
    Added CWE CWE-613
    Added CWE CWE-367
    Added Reference https://github.com/rack/rack/blob/v2.2.13/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb#L263-L270
    Added Reference https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/c48e52f7c57e99e1e1bf54c8760d4f082cd1c89d
    Added Reference https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4g
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-32441 is associated with the following CWEs:

CVSS31 - Vulnerability Scoring System
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality
Integrity
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Latest DB Update: May. 09, 2025 21:03