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9.8
CRITICAL CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-43955
Convertigo TwsCachedXPathAPI Commons-JXPath API Deserialization Vulnerability
Overview
Description

TwsCachedXPathAPI in Convertigo versions before 8.3.11 did not restrict commons-jxpath functions, which could allow expression injection in contexts where an attacker can influence an evaluated XPath expression. Convertigo 8.3.11 fixes the issue by assigning an empty FunctionLibrary to JXPath contexts.

Details
INFO

Published Date :

April 20, 2025, 8:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Aug. 28, 2026, 3:51 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

[email protected]
Impact
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-43955 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Convertigo convertigo
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
CVSS 3.1 LOW [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM [email protected]
Solution
Update Convertigo to the latest version to patch the commons-jxpath API vulnerability.
  • Update Convertigo to version 8.3.5 or later.
  • Apply vendor patches if available.
  • Review commons-jxpath API usage for security.
References
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-43955.

URL Resource
https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/blob/8.3.11/CHANGELOG.md#8311 Release Notes
https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/commit/431d1bfeb360a55f4ed299cc3aa287cc5c6357e1 Patch
https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898 Exploit Issue Tracking
https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/releases/tag/8.3.11 Release Notes
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-43955 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-43955 weaknesses.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters CAPEC-6: Argument Injection Argument Injection CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection Blind SQL Injection CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call Buffer Overflow in an API Call CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values Subverting Environment Variable Values CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow CAPEC-28: Fuzzing Fuzzing CAPEC-34: HTTP Response Splitting HTTP Response Splitting CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion MIME Conversion CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags Overflow Variables and Tags CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry Poison Web Service Registry CAPEC-52: Embedding NULL Bytes Embedding NULL Bytes CAPEC-53: Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog() String Format Overflow in syslog() CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-72: URL Encoding URL Encoding CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-83: XPath Injection XPath Injection CAPEC-84: XQuery Injection XQuery Injection CAPEC-101: Server Side Include (SSI) Injection Server Side Include (SSI) Injection CAPEC-105: HTTP Request Splitting HTTP Request Splitting CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection Command Line Execution through SQL Injection CAPEC-120: Double Encoding Double Encoding CAPEC-135: Format String Injection Format String Injection CAPEC-250: XML Injection XML Injection CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding Leverage Alternate Encoding CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling HTTP Response Smuggling CAPEC-500: WebView Injection WebView Injection

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-43955 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-43955 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Reanalysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 28, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Removed CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 27, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:convertigo:convertigo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (including) 8.3.4 OR *cpe:2.3:a:convertigo:convertigo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 8.3.11
    Added Reference Type MITRE: https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/blob/8.3.11/CHANGELOG.md#8311 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type MITRE: https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/commit/431d1bfeb360a55f4ed299cc3aa287cc5c6357e1 Types: Patch
    Changed Reference Type MITRE: https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898 Types: Exploit MITRE: https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898 Types: Exploit, Issue Tracking
    Added Reference Type MITRE: https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/releases/tag/8.3.11 Types: Release Notes
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Aug. 26, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Description TwsCachedXPathAPI in Convertigo through 8.3.4 does not restrict the use of commons-jxpath APIs. TwsCachedXPathAPI in Convertigo versions before 8.3.11 did not restrict commons-jxpath functions, which could allow expression injection in contexts where an attacker can influence an evaluated XPath expression. Convertigo 8.3.11 fixes the issue by assigning an empty FunctionLibrary to JXPath contexts.
    Added Reference https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/blob/8.3.11/CHANGELOG.md#8311
    Added Reference https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/commit/431d1bfeb360a55f4ed299cc3aa287cc5c6357e1
    Added Reference https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898
    Added Reference https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/releases/tag/8.3.11
    Removed Reference https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898
    Removed Reference Type https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898 Types: Exploit
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Jun. 17, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2025-43955', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2025-04-21T13:28:00.937350Z'}
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Jun. 17, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'vendor': 'Convertigo', 'product': 'Convertigo', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '0', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '8.3.4'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unknown'}]
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    May. 13, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-74
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:convertigo:convertigo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (including) 8.3.4
    Added Reference Type MITRE: https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898 Types: Exploit
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Apr. 20, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description TwsCachedXPathAPI in Convertigo through 8.3.4 does not restrict the use of commons-jxpath APIs.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
    Added CWE CWE-749
    Added Reference https://github.com/convertigo/convertigo/issues/898
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CVSS
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 9.8
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact