CVE-2025-49581
XWiki allows remote code execution through default value of wiki macro wiki-type parameters
Description
XWiki is a generic wiki platform. Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value.
INFO
Published Date :
June 13, 2025, 4:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
Sept. 3, 2025, 5:51 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Solution
- Update XWiki to version 16.4.7, 16.10.3, or 17.0.0.
- Ensure wiki macro parameters do not allow default value execution.
- Review user permissions for page editing.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-49581.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/c99d501ed41cbee6a3c02ff927714531570789de | Patch |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-9875-cw22-f7cx | Vendor Advisory |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22760 | Exploit Issue Tracking Vendor Advisory |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-49581 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-49581
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-49581 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-49581 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Sep. 03, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:17.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 16.5.0 up to (excluding) 16.10.3 *cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 11.10.11 up to (excluding) 12.0 *cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 12.6.3 up to (excluding) 12.7 *cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 12.8 up to (excluding) 16.4.7 Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/c99d501ed41cbee6a3c02ff927714531570789de Types: Patch Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-9875-cw22-f7cx Types: Vendor Advisory Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22760 Types: Exploit, Issue Tracking, Vendor Advisory -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Jun. 13, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description XWiki is a generic wiki platform. Any user with edit right on a page (could be the user's profile) can execute code (Groovy, Python, Velocity) with programming right by defining a wiki macro. This allows full access to the whole XWiki installation. The main problem is that if a wiki macro parameter allows wiki syntax, its default value is executed with the rights of the author of the document where it is used. This can be exploited by overriding a macro like the children macro that is used in a page that has programming right like the page XWiki.ChildrenMacro and thus allows arbitrary script macros. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 16.4.7, 16.10.3 and 17.0.0 by executing wiki parameters with the rights of the wiki macro's author when the parameter's value is the default value. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CWE CWE-94 Added CWE CWE-250 Added CWE CWE-270 Added Reference https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/c99d501ed41cbee6a3c02ff927714531570789de Added Reference https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-9875-cw22-f7cx Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-22760