CVE-2025-54887
jwe JSON Web Encryption Authentication Tag Brute Force Vulnerability
Description
jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.
INFO
Published Date :
Aug. 8, 2025, 1:15 a.m.
Last Modified :
Aug. 8, 2025, 8:30 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2025-54887
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
No affected product recoded yet
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | CRITICAL | [email protected] |
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github
CVE-2025-54887 has a 3 public
PoC/Exploit available at Github.
Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-54887.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwe/commit/1e719d79ba3d7aadaa39a2f08c25df077a0f9ff1 | |
| https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwe/security/advisories/GHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73 |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-54887 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-54887
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
this is a poc for the CVE-2025-54887
Proof of Concept for CVE-2025-54887
Ruby
📡 PoC auto collect from GitHub. ⚠️ Be careful Malware.
security cve exploit poc vulnerability
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-54887 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
-
CybersecurityNews
AI Systems Can Generate Working Exploits for Published CVEs in 10-15 Minutes
Artificial intelligence systems can automatically generate functional exploits for newly published Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) in just 10-15 minutes at approximately $1 per exploit. Th ... Read more
-
Daily CyberSecurity
Critical JWE Ruby Flaw (CVE-2025-54887) Bypasses AES-GCM Authentication, Exposing Encrypted Data
A severe security vulnerability has been uncovered in the Ruby implementation of JSON Web Encryption (JWE), tracked as CVE-2025-54887, carrying a CVSS score of 9.1. The flaw stems from missing authent ... Read more
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-54887 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Aug. 08, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1. Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N Added CWE CWE-354 Added Reference https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwe/commit/1e719d79ba3d7aadaa39a2f08c25df077a0f9ff1 Added Reference https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwe/security/advisories/GHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73