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6.5
MEDIUM CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-55039
Apache Spark, Apache Spark: RPC encryption defaults to unauthenticated AES-CTR mode, enabling man-in-the-middle ciphertext modification attacks
Overview
Description

This issue affects Apache Spark versions before 3.4.4, 3.5.2 and 4.0.0. Apache Spark versions before 4.0.0, 3.5.2 and 3.4.4 use an insecure default network encryption cipher for RPC communication between nodes. When spark.network.crypto.enabled is set to true (it is set to false by default), but spark.network.crypto.cipher is not explicitly configured, Spark defaults to AES in CTR mode (AES/CTR/NoPadding), which provides encryption without authentication. This vulnerability allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to modify encrypted RPC traffic undetected by flipping bits in ciphertext, potentially compromising heartbeat messages or application data and affecting the integrity of Spark workflows. To mitigate this issue, users should either configure spark.network.crypto.cipher to AES/GCM/NoPadding to enable authenticated encryption or enable SSL encryption by setting spark.ssl.enabled to true, which provides stronger transport security.

Details
INFO

Published Date :

Oct. 15, 2025, 8:15 a.m.

Last Modified :

Oct. 8, 2026, 12:10 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

[email protected]
Impact
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-55039 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Apache spark
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Solution
Configure cipher for authenticated encryption or enable SSL encryption for Spark RPC communication.
  • Configure spark.network.crypto.cipher to AES/GCM/NoPadding.
  • Alternatively, enable SSL encryption by setting spark.ssl.enabled to true.
References
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-55039.

URL Resource
https://lists.apache.org/thread/zrgyy9l85nm2c7vk36vr7bkyorg3w4qq Mailing List Vendor Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/14/11
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-55039 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-55039 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-55039 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-55039 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Translated by [email protected]

    Oct. 08, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Translation Title: Apache Spark de Apache Software Foundation, Description: Este problema afecta a las versiones de Apache Spark anteriores a 3.4.4, 3.5.2 y 4.0.0. Las versiones de Apache Spark anteriores a 4.0.0, 3.5.2 y 3.4.4 utilizan un cifrado de red predeterminado inseguro para la comunicación RPC entre nodos. Cuando spark.network.crypto.enabled se establece en true (está establecido en false por defecto), pero spark.network.crypto.cipher no se configura explícitamente, Spark utiliza por defecto AES en modo CTR (AES/CTR/NoPadding), lo que proporciona cifrado sin autenticación. Esta vulnerabilidad permite a un atacante man-in-the-middle modificar el tráfico RPC cifrado sin ser detectado al voltear bits en el texto cifrado, comprometiendo potencialmente los mensajes de latido o los datos de la aplicación y afectando la integridad de los flujos de trabajo de Spark. Para mitigar este problema, los usuarios deben configurar spark.network.crypto.cipher a AES/GCM/NoPadding para habilitar el cifrado autenticado o habilitar el cifrado SSL estableciendo spark.ssl.enabled en true, lo que proporciona una seguridad de transporte más robusta. Title: Apache Spark de Apache Software Foundation, Description: Este problema afecta a las versiones de Apache Spark anteriores a 3.4.4, 3.5.2 y 4.0.0. Las versiones de Apache Spark anteriores a 4.0.0, 3.5.2 y 3.4.4 utilizan un cifrado de red predeterminado inseguro para la comunicación RPC entre nodos. Cuando spark.network.crypto.enabled se establece en true (está establecido en false por defecto), pero spark.network.crypto.cipher no se configura explícitamente, Spark utiliza por defecto AES en modo CTR (AES/CTR/NoPadding), lo que proporciona cifrado sin autenticación. Esta vulnerabilidad permite a un atacante man-in-the-middle modificar el tráfico RPC cifrado sin ser detectado al voltear bits en el texto cifrado, comprometiendo potencialmente los mensajes de latido o los datos de la aplicación y afectando la integridad de los flujos de trabajo de Spark. Para mitigar este problema, los usuarios deben configurar spark.network.crypto.cipher a AES/GCM/NoPadding para habilitar el cifrado autenticado o habilitar el cifrado SSL estableciendo spark.ssl.enabled en true, lo que proporciona una seguridad de transporte más robusta.
  • CVE Translated by [email protected]

    Oct. 08, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Translation Title: Apache Spark de Apache Software Foundation, Description: Este problema afecta a las versiones de Apache Spark anteriores a 3.4.4, 3.5.2 y 4.0.0. Las versiones de Apache Spark anteriores a 4.0.0, 3.5.2 y 3.4.4 utilizan un cifrado de red predeterminado inseguro para la comunicación RPC entre nodos. Cuando spark.network.crypto.enabled se establece en true (está establecido en false por defecto), pero spark.network.crypto.cipher no se configura explícitamente, Spark utiliza por defecto AES en modo CTR (AES/CTR/NoPadding), lo que proporciona cifrado sin autenticación. Esta vulnerabilidad permite a un atacante man-in-the-middle modificar el tráfico RPC cifrado sin ser detectado al voltear bits en el texto cifrado, comprometiendo potencialmente los mensajes de latido o los datos de la aplicación y afectando la integridad de los flujos de trabajo de Spark. Para mitigar este problema, los usuarios deben configurar spark.network.crypto.cipher a AES/GCM/NoPadding para habilitar el cifrado autenticado o habilitar el cifrado SSL estableciendo spark.ssl.enabled en true, lo que proporciona una seguridad de transporte más robusta.
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Jun. 17, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'vendor': 'Apache Software Foundation', 'product': 'Apache Spark', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '3.5.0', 'lessThan': '3.5.2', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '3.4.4', 'versionType': 'semver'}], 'packageName': 'org.apache.spark:spark-network-common_2.13', 'collectionURL': 'https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'Apache Software Foundation', 'product': 'Apache Spark', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '3.5.0', 'lessThan': '3.5.2', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '3.4.4', 'versionType': 'semver'}], 'packageName': 'org.apache.spark:spark-network-common_2.12', 'collectionURL': 'https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}]
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Jun. 17, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2025-55039', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2025-10-15T19:33:07.860034Z'}
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Nov. 04, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/14/11
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Oct. 20, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 3.4.4 *cpe:2.3:a:apache:spark:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 3.5.0 up to (excluding) 3.5.2
    Added Reference Type Apache Software Foundation: https://lists.apache.org/thread/zrgyy9l85nm2c7vk36vr7bkyorg3w4qq Types: Mailing List, Vendor Advisory
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Oct. 15, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Oct. 15, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description This issue affects Apache Spark versions before 3.4.4, 3.5.2 and 4.0.0. Apache Spark versions before 4.0.0, 3.5.2 and 3.4.4 use an insecure default network encryption cipher for RPC communication between nodes. When spark.network.crypto.enabled is set to true (it is set to false by default), but spark.network.crypto.cipher is not explicitly configured, Spark defaults to AES in CTR mode (AES/CTR/NoPadding), which provides encryption without authentication. This vulnerability allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to modify encrypted RPC traffic undetected by flipping bits in ciphertext, potentially compromising heartbeat messages or application data and affecting the integrity of Spark workflows. To mitigate this issue, users should either configure spark.network.crypto.cipher to AES/GCM/NoPadding to enable authenticated encryption or enable SSL encryption by setting spark.ssl.enabled to true, which provides stronger transport security.
    Added CWE CWE-326
    Added CWE CWE-347
    Added Reference https://lists.apache.org/thread/zrgyy9l85nm2c7vk36vr7bkyorg3w4qq
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CVSS
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 6.5
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact