6.1
MEDIUM CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-65026
esm.sh CDN service has JS Template Literal Injection in CSS-to-JavaScript
Description

esm.sh is a nobuild content delivery network(CDN) for modern web development. Prior to version 136, The esm.sh CDN service contains a Template Literal Injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in its CSS-to-JavaScript module conversion feature. When a CSS file is requested with the ?module query parameter, esm.sh converts it to a JavaScript module by embedding the CSS content directly into a template literal without proper sanitization. An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code using ${...} expressions within CSS files, which will execute when the module is imported by victim applications. This enables Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in browsers and Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Electron applications. This issue has been patched in version 136.

INFO

Published Date :

Nov. 19, 2025, 6:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Nov. 19, 2025, 7:14 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-65026 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM MITRE-CVE
Solution
Update esm.sh to version 136 or later to fix template literal injection.
  • Update esm.sh to version 136.
  • Sanitize user-supplied CSS content.
  • Avoid embedding CSS in template literals directly.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-65026.

URL Resource
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/87d2f6497574bf4448641a5527a3ac2beba5fd6c
https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-65026 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-65026 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-65026 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-65026 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Nov. 19, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description esm.sh is a nobuild content delivery network(CDN) for modern web development. Prior to version 136, The esm.sh CDN service contains a Template Literal Injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in its CSS-to-JavaScript module conversion feature. When a CSS file is requested with the ?module query parameter, esm.sh converts it to a JavaScript module by embedding the CSS content directly into a template literal without proper sanitization. An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code using ${...} expressions within CSS files, which will execute when the module is imported by victim applications. This enables Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in browsers and Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Electron applications. This issue has been patched in version 136.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
    Added CWE CWE-94
    Added Reference https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/87d2f6497574bf4448641a5527a3ac2beba5fd6c
    Added Reference https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 6.1
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact