2.7
LOW CVSS 4.0
CVE-2025-66409
ESF-IDF has an Out-of-Bounds Read in ESP32 Bluetooth AVRCP Command Handling
Description

ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In 5.5.1, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, 5.1.6, and earlier, when AVRCP is enabled on ESP32, receiving a malformed VENDOR DEPENDENT command from a peer device can cause the Bluetooth stack to access memory before validating the command buffer length. This may lead to an out-of-bounds read, potentially exposing unintended memory content or causing unexpected behavior.

INFO

Published Date :

Dec. 2, 2025, 7:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Dec. 2, 2025, 7:15 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-66409 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 4.0 LOW [email protected]
Solution
Update ESF-IDF to a version that addresses the AVRCP out-of-bounds read vulnerability.
  • Update ESF-IDF to version 5.5.2 or later.
  • Apply security patches for affected ESF-IDF versions.
  • Disable AVRCP if updating is not immediately possible.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-66409 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-66409 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-66409 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-66409 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Dec. 02, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. In 5.5.1, 5.4.3, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, 5.1.6, and earlier, when AVRCP is enabled on ESP32, receiving a malformed VENDOR DEPENDENT command from a peer device can cause the Bluetooth stack to access memory before validating the command buffer length. This may lead to an out-of-bounds read, potentially exposing unintended memory content or causing unexpected behavior.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-125
    Added Reference https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/075ed218cadb8088155521cd8a795d8a626519fb
    Added Reference https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/2f788e59ee361eee230879ae2ec9cf5c893fe372
    Added Reference https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/798029129a71c802cff0e75eb59f902bca8f1946
    Added Reference https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/999710fccf95ae128fe51b5679d6b7c75c50d902
    Added Reference https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d5db5f60fc1dcfdd8cd3ee898fdefaa272988ace
    Added Reference https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/daeeba230327176b9627b1caa94acdc54065c4b7
    Added Reference https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-qhf9-vr2h-jh96
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 2.7
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Attack Requirements
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