9.1
CRITICAL CVSS 4.0
CVE-2025-66456
Elysia vulnerable to prototype pollution with multiple standalone schema validation
Description

Elysia is a Typescript framework for request validation, type inference, OpenAPI documentation and client-server communication. Versions 1.4.0 through 1.4.16 contain a prototype pollution vulnerability in `mergeDeep` after merging results of two standard schema validations with the same key. Due to the ordering of merging, there must be an any type that is set as a standalone guard, to allow for the `__proto__ prop` to be merged. When combined with GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf this allows for a full RCE by an attacker. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.17. To workaround, remove the `__proto__ key` from body.

INFO

Published Date :

Dec. 9, 2025, 8:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Dec. 9, 2025, 9:16 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-66456 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 4.0 CRITICAL [email protected]
Solution
Update Elysia to 1.4.17 or later to fix prototype pollution.
  • Update Elysia framework to version 1.4.17.
  • Remove '__proto__' key from request body.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2025-66456 has a 1 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-66456 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

None

TypeScript

Updated: 14 hours, 57 minutes ago
3 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Nov. 28, 2025, 11:20 p.m. This repo has been linked 2 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-66456 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-66456 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Dec. 09, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf
    Added Reference https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Dec. 09, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description Elysia is a Typescript framework for request validation, type inference, OpenAPI documentation and client-server communication. Versions 1.4.0 through 1.4.16 contain a prototype pollution vulnerability in `mergeDeep` after merging results of two standard schema validations with the same key. Due to the ordering of merging, there must be an any type that is set as a standalone guard, to allow for the `__proto__ prop` to be merged. When combined with GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf this allows for a full RCE by an attacker. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.17. To workaround, remove the `__proto__ key` from body.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-1321
    Added Reference https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/26935bf76ebc43b4a43d48b173fc853de43bb51e
    Added Reference https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/commit/3af978663e437dccc6c1a2a3aff4b74e1574849e
    Added Reference https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/pull/1564
    Added Reference https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf
    Added Reference https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/security/advisories/GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 9.1
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Attack Requirements
Privileges Required
User Interaction
VS Confidentiality
VS Integrity
VS Availability
SS Confidentiality
SS Integrity
SS Availability