8.7
HIGH CVSS 4.0
CVE-2025-66474
XWiki vulnerable to remote code execution through insufficient protection against {{/html}} injection
Description

XWiki Rendering is a generic rendering system that converts textual input in a given syntax (wiki syntax, HTML, etc) into another syntax (XHTML, etc). Versions 16.10.9 and below, 17.0.0-rc-1 through 17.4.2 and 17.5.0-rc-1 through 17.5.0 have insufficient protection against {{/html}} injection, which attackers can exploit through RCE. Any user who can edit their own profile or any other document can execute arbitrary script macros, including Groovy and Python macros, which enable remote code execution as well as unrestricted read and write access to all wiki contents. This issue is fixed in versions 16.10.10, 17.4.3 and 17.6.0-rc-1.

INFO

Published Date :

Dec. 10, 2025, 10:16 p.m.

Last Modified :

Dec. 11, 2025, 4:16 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-66474 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Xwiki xwiki
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 4.0 HIGH [email protected]
Solution
Update XWiki Rendering to a patched version to prevent arbitrary script execution and RCE.
  • Update XWiki Rendering to version 16.10.10.
  • Update XWiki Rendering to version 17.4.3.
  • Update XWiki Rendering to version 17.6.0-rc-1.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-66474 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-66474 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-66474 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-66474 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Dec. 11, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XRENDERING-693
    Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XRENDERING-792
    Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XRENDERING-793
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Dec. 10, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description XWiki Rendering is a generic rendering system that converts textual input in a given syntax (wiki syntax, HTML, etc) into another syntax (XHTML, etc). Versions 16.10.9 and below, 17.0.0-rc-1 through 17.4.2 and 17.5.0-rc-1 through 17.5.0 have insufficient protection against {{/html}} injection, which attackers can exploit through RCE. Any user who can edit their own profile or any other document can execute arbitrary script macros, including Groovy and Python macros, which enable remote code execution as well as unrestricted read and write access to all wiki contents. This issue is fixed in versions 16.10.10, 17.4.3 and 17.6.0-rc-1.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-95
    Added Reference https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/12b780ccd5bca5fc8f74f46648d7e02fa04fbc11
    Added Reference https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-rendering/commit/9b71a2ee035815cfc29cebbfe81dbdd98f941d49
    Added Reference https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-rendering/security/advisories/GHSA-9xc6-c2rm-f27p
    Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XRENDERING-693
    Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XRENDERING-792
    Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XRENDERING-793
    Added Reference https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-23378
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 8.7
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Attack Requirements
Privileges Required
User Interaction
VS Confidentiality
VS Integrity
VS Availability
SS Confidentiality
SS Integrity
SS Availability