9.9
CRITICAL CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-68668
n8n Vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Execution in Pyodide based Python Code Node
Description

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "[\"n8n-nodes-base.code\"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.

INFO

Published Date :

Dec. 26, 2025, 10:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Jan. 5, 2026, 5:15 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-68668 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 N8n n8n
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL MITRE-CVE
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
Solution
Patch n8n to version 2.0.0 to fix sandbox bypass in Python Code Node.
  • Update n8n to version 2.0.0 or later.
  • Alternatively, disable the Code Node via NODES_EXCLUDE.
  • Disable Python support via N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false.
  • Configure task runner based Python sandbox.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2025-68668 has a 2 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-68668.

URL Resource
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v Patch Vendor Advisory
https://www.smartkeyss.com/post/cve-2025-68668-breaking-out-of-the-python-sandbox-in-n8n
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-68668 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-68668 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

n8n Ni8mare - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read to RCE Chain (CVSS 10.0)

exploit n8n poc rce security vulnerability cve-2026-21858 ni8mare

Dockerfile Python Shell

Updated: 1 week, 5 days ago
207 stars 43 fork 43 watcher
Born at : Jan. 7, 2026, 7:32 p.m. This repo has been linked 3 different CVEs too.

GRC News Assistant 3.0

Updated: 1 week, 1 day ago
3 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Nov. 22, 2025, 11:09 p.m. This repo has been linked 4 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-68668 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

  • Schneier on Security
New Vulnerability in n8n

This isn’t good: We discovered a critical vulnerability (CVE-2026-21858, CVSS 10.0) in n8n that enables attackers to take over locally deployed instances, impacting an estimated 100,000 servers global ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 15, 2026 (1 week, 3 days ago)
  • The Cyber Express
MS-ISAC Flags High-Risk Security Flaws in Fortinet Products

A new cybersecurity advisory from the Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) is alerting organizations to multiple vulnerabilities affecting Fortinet products, some of which cou ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 14, 2026 (1 week, 5 days ago)
  • SentinelOne
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in Cybersecurity – Week 2

The Good | U.K. Government Resets Public-Sector Cybersecurity With £210M Action Plan The United Kingdom has unveiled a sweeping reset of its public-sector cybersecurity strategy, committing more than ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 09, 2026 (2 weeks, 2 days ago)
  • SentinelOne
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in Cybersecurity – Week 2

The Good | U.K. Government Resets Public-Sector Cybersecurity With £210M Action Plan The United Kingdom has unveiled a sweeping reset of its public-sector cybersecurity strategy, committing more than ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 09, 2026 (2 weeks, 2 days ago)
  • The Cyber Express
What Is a Proxy Server? A Complete Guide to Types, Uses, and Benefits

The term proxy server is very popular these days, especially when discussions are around internet security, internet privacy, and network management. But what exactly is a proxy server? What purpose d ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 06, 2026 (2 weeks, 5 days ago)
  • CybersecurityNews
New Critical n8n Vulnerability Allow Attackers to Execute Arbitrary Commands

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in n8n, the popular open-source workflow automation platform, enabling authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands on host systems. The vulnerabi ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 06, 2026 (2 weeks, 5 days ago)
  • Daily CyberSecurity
n8n Sandbox Escape: How CVE-2025-68668 Turns Workflows into Weapons

A critical vulnerability in the popular workflow automation platform n8n has been dissected in a new analysis by security researcher Rhoda Smart, revealing how a feature designed for flexibility becam ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 06, 2026 (2 weeks, 5 days ago)
  • The Cyber Express
Critical n8n Vulnerability Allows Arbitrary Command Execution (CVE-2025-68668)

A newly disclosed n8n vulnerability has been confirmed to allow authenticated users to execute arbitrary system commands on affected servers. The issue, tracked as CVE-2025-68668, has been assigned a ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 06, 2026 (2 weeks, 5 days ago)
  • The Hacker News
New n8n Vulnerability (9.9 CVSS) Lets Authenticated Users Execute System Commands

Jan 06, 2026Ravie LakshmananVulnerability / DevOps A new critical security vulnerability has been disclosed in n8n, an open-source workflow automation platform, that could enable an authenticated at ... Read more

Published Date: Jan 06, 2026 (2 weeks, 6 days ago)

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-68668 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Jan. 05, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://www.smartkeyss.com/post/cve-2025-68668-breaking-out-of-the-python-sandbox-in-n8n
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Dec. 31, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:n8n:n8n:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:* versions from (including) 1.0.0 up to (excluding) 2.0.0
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v Types: Patch, Vendor Advisory
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Dec. 26, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "[\"n8n-nodes-base.code\"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
    Added CWE CWE-693
    Added Reference https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-62r4-hw23-cc8v
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 9.9
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact