Withdrawn: this CVE is not a vulnerability
The assigning CNA withdrew CVE-2025-71406 on 1 September 2026, and it carries the Rejected state at CVE.org and NVD. It must not be treated as a live finding. Its pre-withdrawal severity, score and exploitability are withheld below; the record itself is kept because withdrawals are reversible and because the reject reason is the correction worth publishing.
WITHDRAWN
CVE-2025-71406
Nokogiri before 1.18.4 Use-After-Free via libxslt
Overview
Description
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.
Details
INFO
Published Date :
Aug. 25, 2026, 4:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
Sept. 1, 2026, 9:18 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
—
Source :
[email protected]
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework
for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems.
We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10 | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | MITRE-CVE | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10 | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-71406 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-71406 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
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CVE Rejected by [email protected]
Sep. 01, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Sep. 01, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Description Nokogiri before 1.18.4 bundles a vulnerable version of libxslt (prior to 1.1.43) that contains two use-after-free vulnerabilities: CVE-2025-24855 (use-after-free of the XPath context node due to xsltEvalXPathStringNs leaking xpathCtxt->node) and CVE-2024-55549 (use-after-free related to excluded result prefixes/namespaces). Processing crafted XSLT can trigger memory corruption. Nokogiri 1.18.4 upgrades the bundled libxslt to 1.1.43 to resolve these issues. Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate. Removed CVSS V4.0 VulnCheck: AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Removed CVSS V3.1 VulnCheck: AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H Removed CVSS V3.1 NIST: AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H Removed CVSS V3.1 nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H Removed CWE VulnCheck: CWE-416 Removed CWE nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: CWE-416 Removed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.18.4 Removed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.18.4 Removed CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:xmlsoft:libxslt:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.1.43 Added Affected Affected value removed. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2025/71xxx/CVE-2025-71406.json">CVE-2025-71406</a> Removed Reference VulnCheck: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Removed Reference VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt Removed Reference nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Removed Reference nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt Removed Reference Type VulnCheck: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Types: Vendor Advisory Removed Reference Type VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt Types: Third Party Advisory Removed Reference Type nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Types: Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory Removed Reference Type nvd-ai-agent-0.3.0-gemma-4-31B-it: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt Types: Broken Link -
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Sep. 01, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:nokogiri:nokogiri:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.18.4 Added Reference Type VulnCheck: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Types: Vendor Advisory Added Reference Type VulnCheck: https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt Types: Third Party Advisory -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Aug. 26, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt Removed Reference https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Removed Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Aug. 26, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2025-71406', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'yes'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-08-26T15:58:47.762547Z'} -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Aug. 25, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'vendor': 'sparklemotion', 'product': 'nokogiri', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '1.18.4', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '1.18.4', 'versionType': 'semver'}], 'packageURL': 'pkg:gem/nokogiri', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}] Added Description Nokogiri before 1.18.4 bundles a vulnerable version of libxslt (prior to 1.1.43) that contains two use-after-free vulnerabilities: CVE-2025-24855 (use-after-free of the XPath context node due to xsltEvalXPathStringNs leaking xpathCtxt->node) and CVE-2024-55549 (use-after-free related to excluded result prefixes/namespaces). Processing crafted XSLT can trigger memory corruption. Nokogiri 1.18.4 upgrades the bundled libxslt to 1.1.43 to resolve these issues. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H Added CWE CWE-416 Added Reference https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-mrxw-mxhj-p664 Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nokogiri-before-use-after-free-via-libxslt
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity
being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS
score history of the vulnerability.