CVE-2026-0994
Denial of Service in Python Protobuf
Description
A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in google.protobuf.json_format.ParseDict() in Python, where the max_recursion_depth limit can be bypassed when parsing nested google.protobuf.Any messages. Due to missing recursion depth accounting inside the internal Any-handling logic, an attacker can supply deeply nested Any structures that bypass the intended recursion limit, eventually exhausting Python’s recursion stack and causing a RecursionError.
INFO
Published Date :
Jan. 23, 2026, 3:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
June 30, 2026, 3:17 a.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | 14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778 | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Solution
- Update the google-protobuf library to the latest version.
- Apply patches addressing recursion depth accounting.
- Avoid parsing untrusted deeply nested messages.
- Monitor system for RecursionError.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github
CVE-2026-0994 has a 11 public
PoC/Exploit available at Github.
Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2026-0994.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-0994 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-0994
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
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None
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Python Shell Makefile
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
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Daily CyberSecurity
High-Severity DoS Flaw Hits Google Protocol Buffers (CVE-2026-0994)
A high-severity vulnerability has been discovered in Protocol Buffers (protobuf), Google’s widely used mechanism for serializing structured data. The flaw, tracked as CVE-2026-0994, affects Python imp ... Read more
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“Repo Squatting”: How Hackers Are Using GitHub’s Own Features to Hijack Official Repos
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The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2026-0994 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Modified by 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c
Jun. 30, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el8', 'cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el8', 'cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.5::el8'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 8', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.5::el9', 'cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.5::el9', 'cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.5::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 for RHEL 9', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el9', 'cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el9', 'cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_inside:2.6::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 9', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0::appstream'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.0)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstream'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v. 10.0)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::crb'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::crb'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.6)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::crb'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.6::el10', 'cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform_developer:2.6::el10'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 for RHEL 10', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:amq_clients:2023'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AMQ Clients', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Hardened Images', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}] Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Added CWE CWE-674 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16174 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3059 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3094 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3095 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3097 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3218 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3219 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3220 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3461 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3462 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3958 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3959 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8746 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8747 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8748 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-0994 Added Reference https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2432398 Added Reference https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-0994.json -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'vendor': 'Python', 'product': 'Protobuf', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '<=v33.4', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}] -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-0994', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'yes'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-01-23T15:33:48.514298Z'} -
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Apr. 09, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:google:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (including) 33.4 Added Reference Type Google Inc.: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/25239 Types: Patch, Vendor Advisory -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Jan. 23, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in google.protobuf.json_format.ParseDict() in Python, where the max_recursion_depth limit can be bypassed when parsing nested google.protobuf.Any messages. Due to missing recursion depth accounting inside the internal Any-handling logic, an attacker can supply deeply nested Any structures that bypass the intended recursion limit, eventually exhausting Python’s recursion stack and causing a RecursionError. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CWE CWE-674 Added Reference https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/25239