5.5
MEDIUM CVSS 3.1
CVE-2026-10645
Out-of-bounds read in Zephyr ext2 directory entry traversal from a crafted filesystem image
Description

The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver (subsys/fs/ext2) trusted the on-disk directory entry fields de_rec_len and de_name_len when walking a directory block. ext2_fetch_direntry() guarded only with de_name_len > EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME, but de_name_len is a uint8_t and EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME is 255, so the check is always false; the function then memcpy'd up to 255 name bytes and the lookup/readdir paths advanced traversal by an unvalidated de_rec_len. Each directory block is read into a block_size-sized slab buffer, and block_off can be driven near the block end by preceding entries' rec_len, so the 8-byte header read and the subsequent name memcpy can read up to ~263 bytes past the end of the block buffer into adjacent heap/slab memory. On the readdir path those bytes are returned to the caller in fs_dirent.name, leaking adjacent kernel heap memory; a de_rec_len of 0 also causes a zero-progress infinite loop (denial of service), and the unlink path's memmove(de, next, next_reclen) over unvalidated records is an additional OOB read/write source. The defect is reached by any path-based operation (open, stat, unlink, rename, mkdir) or directory listing on a mounted ext2 volume, so a crafted or corrupted ext2 image on attacker-supplied storage (SD card, USB mass storage, or otherwise mounted image) triggers it. Affected: Zephyr ext2 from its introduction in v3.5.0 through v4.4.0. The fix validates rec_len and name_len in the parser and rejects entries whose header does not fit the remaining block or whose rec_len crosses the block boundary in every traversal caller.

INFO

Published Date :

June 23, 2026, 1:16 a.m.

Last Modified :

July 14, 2026, 7:16 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

No
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-10645 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Zephyrproject zephyr
2 Zephyrproject zephyr
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM [email protected]
Solution
Validate directory entry structure and bounds before copying names and advancing traversal.
  • Validate de_rec_len and de_name_len against block boundaries.
  • Ensure de_rec_len is non-zero and sufficient for entry header.
  • Copy names only after validating entry structure.
  • Patch the ext2 directory-entry parser.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2026-10645.

URL Resource
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/7cdb534a3c3daeaec18f656953857dcafa33a2bf
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-hwrh-9h3x-vccm Exploit Patch Vendor Advisory
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-10645 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-10645 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-10645 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-10645 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Jul. 14, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Affected [{'repo': 'https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr', 'vendor': 'zephyrproject-rtos', 'product': 'Zephyr', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '*', 'versionType': 'git', 'lessThanOrEqual': '4.4'}], 'packageName': 'Zephyr', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}] [{'vendor': 'zephyrproject', 'product': 'zephyr', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '3.5.0', 'lessThan': '4.5.0', 'versionType': 'semver'}], 'packageName': 'zephyr', 'programFiles': ['subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_diskops.c', 'subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_diskops.h', 'subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c'], 'collectionURL': 'https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}]
    Changed Description Zephyr's ext2 directory-entry parser does not fully validate on-disk directory entry structure before copying the entry name and advancing traversal state. In ext2_fetch_direntry() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_diskops.c), the code only checks de_name_len <= EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME and then copies the name with memcpy without validating the structural relationship between de_rec_len, de_name_len, and the directory block boundary (for example that de_rec_len is non-zero, at least the size of the entry header, and that the record fits within the block). Callers such as find_dir_entry() and ext2_get_direntry() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c) then advance traversal using the unvalidated de_rec_len. A crafted ext2 image can therefore cause an out-of-bounds read from the directory block buffer when a malformed entry near the end of a block triggers an oversized name copy, or a zero-progress infinite loop when de_rec_len == 0. The issue is not reached at mount time but later through directory traversal paths such as pathname lookup, stat/open/unlink/rename, and readdir. The primary impact is denial of service and out-of-bounds reads under attacker-controlled ext2 images mounted from untrusted media. The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver (subsys/fs/ext2) trusted the on-disk directory entry fields de_rec_len and de_name_len when walking a directory block. ext2_fetch_direntry() guarded only with de_name_len > EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME, but de_name_len is a uint8_t and EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME is 255, so the check is always false; the function then memcpy'd up to 255 name bytes and the lookup/readdir paths advanced traversal by an unvalidated de_rec_len. Each directory block is read into a block_size-sized slab buffer, and block_off can be driven near the block end by preceding entries' rec_len, so the 8-byte header read and the subsequent name memcpy can read up to ~263 bytes past the end of the block buffer into adjacent heap/slab memory. On the readdir path those bytes are returned to the caller in fs_dirent.name, leaking adjacent kernel heap memory; a de_rec_len of 0 also causes a zero-progress infinite loop (denial of service), and the unlink path's memmove(de, next, next_reclen) over unvalidated records is an additional OOB read/write source. The defect is reached by any path-based operation (open, stat, unlink, rename, mkdir) or directory listing on a mounted ext2 volume, so a crafted or corrupted ext2 image on attacker-supplied storage (SD card, USB mass storage, or otherwise mounted image) triggers it. Affected: Zephyr ext2 from its introduction in v3.5.0 through v4.4.0. The fix validates rec_len and name_len in the parser and rejects entries whose header does not fit the remaining block or whose rec_len crosses the block boundary in every traversal caller.
    Added Reference https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/7cdb534a3c3daeaec18f656953857dcafa33a2bf
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Jul. 06, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:o:zephyrproject:zephyr:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (including) 4.4.1
    Added Reference Type Zephyr Project: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-hwrh-9h3x-vccm Types: Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Jun. 23, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-10645', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-06-23T12:18:26.712409Z'}
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Jun. 23, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'repo': 'https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr', 'vendor': 'zephyrproject-rtos', 'product': 'Zephyr', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '*', 'versionType': 'git', 'lessThanOrEqual': '4.4'}], 'packageName': 'Zephyr', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}]
    Added Description Zephyr's ext2 directory-entry parser does not fully validate on-disk directory entry structure before copying the entry name and advancing traversal state. In ext2_fetch_direntry() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_diskops.c), the code only checks de_name_len <= EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME and then copies the name with memcpy without validating the structural relationship between de_rec_len, de_name_len, and the directory block boundary (for example that de_rec_len is non-zero, at least the size of the entry header, and that the record fits within the block). Callers such as find_dir_entry() and ext2_get_direntry() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c) then advance traversal using the unvalidated de_rec_len. A crafted ext2 image can therefore cause an out-of-bounds read from the directory block buffer when a malformed entry near the end of a block triggers an oversized name copy, or a zero-progress infinite loop when de_rec_len == 0. The issue is not reached at mount time but later through directory traversal paths such as pathname lookup, stat/open/unlink/rename, and readdir. The primary impact is denial of service and out-of-bounds reads under attacker-controlled ext2 images mounted from untrusted media.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-125
    Added Reference https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-hwrh-9h3x-vccm
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.