7.1
HIGH CVSS 4.0
CVE-2026-31969
HTSlib CRAM decoder has a heap buffer overflow
Description

HTSlib is a library for reading and writing bioinformatics file formats. CRAM is a compressed format which stores DNA sequence alignment data using a variety of encodings and compression methods. When reading data encoded using the `BYTE_ARRAY_STOP` method, an out-by-one error in the `cram_byte_array_stop_decode_char()` function check for a full output buffer could result in a single attacker-controlled byte being written beyond the end of a heap allocation. Exploiting this bug causes a heap buffer overflow. If a user opens a file crafted to exploit this issue, it could lead to the program crashing, or overwriting of data and heap structures in ways not expected by the program. It may be possible to use this to obtain arbitrary code execution. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. There is no workaround for this issue.

INFO

Published Date :

March 18, 2026, 8:16 p.m.

Last Modified :

March 18, 2026, 8:16 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-31969 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 4.0 HIGH [email protected]
Solution
Fix heap buffer overflow by updating HTSlib to a patched version.
  • Update HTSlib to version 1.23.1 or later.
  • Update HTSlib to version 1.22.2 or later.
  • Update HTSlib to version 1.21.1 or later.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2026-31969.

URL Resource
https://github.com/samtools/htslib/commit/88cdf69e4b83bb550ab4f6f7134892c2ad1978f4
https://github.com/samtools/htslib/security/advisories/GHSA-q4cj-f4h5-fqgc
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-31969 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-31969 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-31969 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-31969 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Mar. 18, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description HTSlib is a library for reading and writing bioinformatics file formats. CRAM is a compressed format which stores DNA sequence alignment data using a variety of encodings and compression methods. When reading data encoded using the `BYTE_ARRAY_STOP` method, an out-by-one error in the `cram_byte_array_stop_decode_char()` function check for a full output buffer could result in a single attacker-controlled byte being written beyond the end of a heap allocation. Exploiting this bug causes a heap buffer overflow. If a user opens a file crafted to exploit this issue, it could lead to the program crashing, or overwriting of data and heap structures in ways not expected by the program. It may be possible to use this to obtain arbitrary code execution. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. There is no workaround for this issue.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-787
    Added CWE CWE-122
    Added Reference https://github.com/samtools/htslib/commit/88cdf69e4b83bb550ab4f6f7134892c2ad1978f4
    Added Reference https://github.com/samtools/htslib/security/advisories/GHSA-q4cj-f4h5-fqgc
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.