CVE-2026-35391
Bulwark Webmail getClientIP() trusted client-controlled X-Forwarded-For value, enabling rate limit bypass and audit log forgery
Description
Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the getClientIP() function in lib/admin/session.ts trusted the first (leftmost) entry of the X-Forwarded-For header, which is fully controlled by the client. An attacker could forge their source IP address to bypass IP-based rate limiting (enabling brute-force attacks against the admin login) or forge audit log entries (making malicious activity appear to originate from arbitrary IP addresses). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.
INFO
Published Date :
April 6, 2026, 9:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
July 24, 2026, 9:10 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Solution
- Update Bulwark Webmail to version 1.4.11.
- Apply latest security patches when available.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2026-35391.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bulwarkmail/webmail/security/advisories/GHSA-7pj2-232x-6698 | Vendor Advisory |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-35391 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-35391
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2026-35391 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2026-35391 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Translated by [email protected]
Jul. 24, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Translation Title: webmail de bulwarkmail, Description: Bulwark Webmail es un cliente de webmail autoalojado para Stalwart Mail Server. Antes de la versión 1.4.11, la función getClientIP() en lib/admin/session.ts confiaba en la primera entrada (la más a la izquierda) del encabezado X-Forwarded-For, que está completamente controlada por el cliente. Un atacante podría falsificar su dirección IP de origen para eludir la limitación de velocidad basada en IP (lo que permite ataques de fuerza bruta contra el inicio de sesión del administrador) o falsificar entradas de registro de auditoría (haciendo que la actividad maliciosa parezca originarse de direcciones IP arbitrarias). Esta vulnerabilidad está corregida en la versión 1.4.11. -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'vendor': 'bulwarkmail', 'product': 'webmail', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '< 1.4.11'}]}] -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-35391', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-04-07T14:55:27.841694Z'} -
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Apr. 09, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:bulwarkmail:webmail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 1.4.11 Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/bulwarkmail/webmail/security/advisories/GHSA-7pj2-232x-6698 Types: Vendor Advisory -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Apr. 06, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the getClientIP() function in lib/admin/session.ts trusted the first (leftmost) entry of the X-Forwarded-For header, which is fully controlled by the client. An attacker could forge their source IP address to bypass IP-based rate limiting (enabling brute-force attacks against the admin login) or forge audit log entries (making malicious activity appear to originate from arbitrary IP addresses). This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CWE CWE-348 Added Reference https://github.com/bulwarkmail/webmail/security/advisories/GHSA-7pj2-232x-6698