CVE-2026-41164
nuts-node: JWT type confusion in v1 access token introspection allows VP replay as access token
Description
nuts-node is the reference implementation of the Nuts specification. Prior to 6.2.3 and 5.4.31, the v1 access token introspection endpoint (/auth/v1/introspect_access_token) accepts any JWT signed by a key present on the node, without validating the JWT type, issuer-to-key binding, or required claims. This allows a Verifiable Presentation (VP) JWT to be replayed as an access token and receive an active: true introspection response. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.2.3 and 5.4.31.
INFO
Published Date :
May 26, 2026, 6:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
July 24, 2026, 11:10 a.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | MEDIUM | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | MEDIUM | MITRE-CVE |
Solution
- Update nuts-node to version 6.2.3 or later.
- Update nuts-node to version 5.4.31 or later.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2026-41164.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nuts-foundation/nuts-node/security/advisories/GHSA-9hmg-827w-9rhj |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-41164 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-41164
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2026-41164 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2026-41164 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Translated by [email protected]
Jul. 24, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Translation Title: nuts-node de nuts-foundation, Description: nuts-node es la implementación de referencia de la especificación Nuts. Antes de las versiones 6.2.3 y 5.4.31, el endpoint de introspección de tokens de acceso v1 (/auth/v1/introspect_access_token) acepta cualquier JWT firmado por una clave presente en el nodo, sin validar el tipo de JWT, la vinculación emisor-a-clave o las claims requeridas. Esto permite que un JWT de Presentación Verificable (VP) sea reutilizado como un token de acceso y reciba una respuesta de introspección active: true. Esta vulnerabilidad está corregida en las versiones 6.2.3 y 5.4.31. -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'vendor': 'nuts-foundation', 'product': 'nuts-node', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '>= 6.0.0-alpha.1, < 6.2.3'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '< 5.4.31'}]}] -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-41164', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-05-27T17:24:32.828628Z'} -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
May. 26, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description nuts-node is the reference implementation of the Nuts specification. Prior to 6.2.3 and 5.4.31, the v1 access token introspection endpoint (/auth/v1/introspect_access_token) accepts any JWT signed by a key present on the node, without validating the JWT type, issuer-to-key binding, or required claims. This allows a Verifiable Presentation (VP) JWT to be replayed as an access token and receive an active: true introspection response. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.2.3 and 5.4.31. Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Added CWE CWE-345 Added Reference https://github.com/nuts-foundation/nuts-node/security/advisories/GHSA-9hmg-827w-9rhj