7.5
HIGH
CVSS 3.1
CVE-2026-41523
vLLM: Security Check Bypass via assert Statement in Activation Function Loading Allows Arbitrary Code Execution
Overview
Description
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.
Details
INFO
Published Date :
June 22, 2026, 11:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
July 15, 2026, 2:21 a.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework
for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems.
We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c |
Solution
Update vLLM to version 0.22.0 or later to fix arbitrary code execution vulnerability.
- Update vLLM to version 0.22.0 or later.
- Avoid running vLLM in Python optimized mode.
- Use only trusted HuggingFace models.
References
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2026-41523.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-41523 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-41523
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2026-41523 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2026-41523 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Modified by 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c
Jul. 15, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Affected [{'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] [{'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2', 'versions': [{'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '1782951012', 'lessThan': '*', 'versionType': 'rpm'}], 'packageName': 'rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2', 'versions': [{'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '1782951244', 'lessThan': '*', 'versionType': 'rpm'}], 'packageName': 'rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaiis/vllm-cpu-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaiis/vllm-neuron-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaiis/vllm-tpu-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaii/vllm-gaudi-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaii/vllm-neuron-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'packageName': 'rhaii/vllm-tpu-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'packageName': 'rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'packageName': 'rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'packageName': 'rhelai3/bootc-azure-rocm-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'packageName': 'rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'packageName': 'rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'packageName': 'rhelai3/bootc-gcp-cuda-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'packageName': 'rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'packageName': 'rhoai/odh-kserve-agent-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'packageName': 'rhoai/odh-kserve-controller-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'packageName': 'rhoai/odh-kserve-router-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'packageName': 'rhoai/odh-kserve-storage-initializer-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'packageName': 'rhoai/odh-llm-d-kv-cache-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'packageName': 'rhoai/odh-vllm-gaudi-rhel9', 'collectionURL': 'https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] -
CVE Modified by 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c
Jul. 07, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36005 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36006 Changed Affected [{'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] [{'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] -
CVE Modified by 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c
Jun. 30, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat AI Inference Server', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}, {'cpes': ['cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai'], 'vendor': 'Red Hat', 'product': 'Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)', 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CWE CWE-617 Added Reference https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-41523 Added Reference https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491582 Added Reference https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41523.json -
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Jun. 24, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 0.22.0 Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/b3c7ffcab82c2439726f8cb213800f6f38c023d3 Types: Patch Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://huntr.com/bounties/dcb05b04-e625-41e7-adbc-bbae0cc2d64c Types: Third Party Advisory -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Jun. 23, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-41523', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'total'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-06-23T12:23:15.308986Z'} -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Jun. 22, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'vendor': 'vllm-project', 'product': 'vllm', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '< 0.22.0'}]}] Added Description vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0. Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CWE CWE-94 Added CWE CWE-617 Added Reference https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/b3c7ffcab82c2439726f8cb213800f6f38c023d3 Added Reference https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-q8gq-377p-jq3r Added Reference https://huntr.com/bounties/dcb05b04-e625-41e7-adbc-bbae0cc2d64c
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity
being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS
score history of the vulnerability.