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5.3
MEDIUM CVSS 3.1
CVE-2026-44978
xrdp: Unchecked FIPS padding length in standard RDP Security causes heap out-of-bounds read in HMAC verification
Overview
Description

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the FIPS-specific receive paths. This vulnerability does not affect the default configuration of xrdp. The vulnerability is only exploitable when the security layer is set to security_layer=negotiate or security_layer=rdp, and the crypto level is changed to crypt_level=fips in xrdp.ini. In this specific non-default mode, the server fails to validate the FIPS padding length field, leading to a pointer underflow and a subsequent negative length calculation. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted FIPS-protected PDU, causing a heap out-of-bounds read that results in a process crash and denial of service (DoS). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

Details
INFO

Published Date :

July 20, 2026, 5:17 p.m.

Last Modified :

Oct. 24, 2026, 8:10 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

[email protected]
Impact
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-44978 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Neutrinolabs xrdp
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM [email protected]
Solution
Update xrdp to version 0.10.6.1 to fix an out-of-bounds read vulnerability.
  • Update xrdp to version 0.10.6.1.
  • Ensure FIPS mode is disabled if using older versions.
References
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2026-44978.

URL Resource
https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/tag/v0.10.6.1 Release Notes
https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/security/advisories/GHSA-9cg5-f7m7-ppvj Vendor Advisory
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-44978 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-44978 weaknesses.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection Blind SQL Injection CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call Buffer Overflow in an API Call CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values Subverting Environment Variable Values CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client Exploiting Trust in Client CAPEC-23: File Content Injection File Content Injection CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow CAPEC-28: Fuzzing Fuzzing CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion MIME Conversion CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags Overflow Variables and Tags CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion CAPEC-52: Embedding NULL Bytes Embedding NULL Bytes CAPEC-53: Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog() String Format Overflow in syslog() CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-72: URL Encoding URL Encoding CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename User-Controlled Filename CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering Web Server Logs Tampering CAPEC-83: XPath Injection XPath Injection CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting AJAX Footprinting CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection OS Command Injection CAPEC-101: Server Side Include (SSI) Injection Server Side Include (SSI) Injection CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting Cross Zone Scripting CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection Command Line Execution through SQL Injection CAPEC-109: Object Relational Mapping Injection Object Relational Mapping Injection CAPEC-110: SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering CAPEC-120: Double Encoding Double Encoding CAPEC-135: Format String Injection Format String Injection CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection LDAP Injection CAPEC-153: Input Data Manipulation Input Data Manipulation CAPEC-182: Flash Injection Flash Injection CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads Serialized Data with Nested Payloads CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads Oversized Serialized Data Payloads CAPEC-250: XML Injection XML Injection CAPEC-261: Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding Leverage Alternate Encoding CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof Signature Spoof CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS DOM-Based XSS CAPEC-664: Server Side Request Forgery Server Side Request Forgery CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers Overread Buffers

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-44978 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-44978 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Translated by [email protected]

    Oct. 24, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Translation Title: xrdp de neutrinolabs, Description: xrdp es un servidor RDP de código abierto. Las versiones 0.10.6 y anteriores contienen una vulnerabilidad de lectura fuera de límites de heap dentro de las rutas de recepción específicas de FIPS. Esta vulnerabilidad no afecta la configuración predeterminada de xrdp. La vulnerabilidad solo es explotable cuando la capa de seguridad se establece en security_layer=negotiate o security_layer=rdp, y el nivel criptográfico se cambia a crypt_level=fips en xrdp.ini. En este modo específico no predeterminado, el servidor no valida el campo de longitud de relleno FIPS, lo que lleva a un desbordamiento inferior de puntero y un cálculo de longitud negativo subsiguiente. Un atacante remoto no autenticado puede explotar esto enviando una PDU protegida por FIPS manipulada, causando una lectura fuera de límites de heap que resulta en un fallo del proceso y denegación de servicio (DoS). Sin embargo, dado que xrdp bifurca un nuevo proceso para cada conexión por defecto, una lectura fuera de límites que causa un fallo del proceso es poco probable que derribe todo el servicio xrdp. Este problema ha sido solucionado en la versión 0.10.6.1.
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Jul. 22, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:neutrinolabs:xrdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 0.10.6.1
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/tag/v0.10.6.1 Types: Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/security/advisories/GHSA-9cg5-f7m7-ppvj Types: Vendor Advisory
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Jul. 21, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-44978', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'yes'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-07-21T16:03:54.447257Z'}
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Jul. 20, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'vendor': 'neutrinolabs', 'product': 'xrdp', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '< 0.10.6.1'}]}]
    Added Description xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the FIPS-specific receive paths. This vulnerability does not affect the default configuration of xrdp. The vulnerability is only exploitable when the security layer is set to security_layer=negotiate or security_layer=rdp, and the crypto level is changed to crypt_level=fips in xrdp.ini. In this specific non-default mode, the server fails to validate the FIPS padding length field, leading to a pointer underflow and a subsequent negative length calculation. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted FIPS-protected PDU, causing a heap out-of-bounds read that results in a process crash and denial of service (DoS). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
    Added CWE CWE-20
    Added CWE CWE-125
    Added Reference https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/tag/v0.10.6.1
    Added Reference https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/security/advisories/GHSA-9cg5-f7m7-ppvj
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CVSS
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 5.3
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact