9.8
CRITICAL CVSS 3.1
CVE-2026-47391
PraisonAI's unauthenticated A2A official example can reach real LLM-driven `eval()` tool execution
Description

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.40, PraisonAI's first-party A2A server example exposes an unauthenticated A2A JSON-RPC endpoint and registers a `calculate(expression)` tool implemented with Python `eval()`. The example also binds to `0.0.0.0`. A remote unauthenticated attacker can send `message/send` to `/a2a`; the request reaches `agent.chat()`, and a real LLM can invoke the registered `calculate` tool. In testing with `gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite`, this resulted in arbitrary Python execution in the server process, confirmed by creation of a marker file from an unauthenticated HTTP request. The issue affects deployments following the official A2A example or similar unauthenticated public A2A deployments with unsafe tools. The default unauthenticated A2A surface also exposes task history and task cancellation APIs, increasing confidentiality and integrity impact. Version 4.6.40 patches the issue.

INFO

Published Date :

July 21, 2026, 4:17 p.m.

Last Modified :

July 21, 2026, 6:59 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-47391 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 CRITICAL [email protected]
Solution
Update PraisonAI to version 4.6.40 or later to fix arbitrary Python execution.
  • Update PraisonAI to version 4.6.40.
  • Remove or restrict the calculate tool.
  • Limit A2A server exposure.
  • Review tool usage for security.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2026-47391.

URL Resource
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit/e0fb8e7dd1ee6759c18ed07f436c21dbd9c20747
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/pull/1793
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-vg22-4gmj-prxw
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-47391 is associated with the following CWEs:

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-47391 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-47391 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Jul. 21, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'vendor': 'MervinPraison', 'product': 'PraisonAI', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '< 4.6.40'}]}]
    Added Description PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.40, PraisonAI's first-party A2A server example exposes an unauthenticated A2A JSON-RPC endpoint and registers a `calculate(expression)` tool implemented with Python `eval()`. The example also binds to `0.0.0.0`. A remote unauthenticated attacker can send `message/send` to `/a2a`; the request reaches `agent.chat()`, and a real LLM can invoke the registered `calculate` tool. In testing with `gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite`, this resulted in arbitrary Python execution in the server process, confirmed by creation of a marker file from an unauthenticated HTTP request. The issue affects deployments following the official A2A example or similar unauthenticated public A2A deployments with unsafe tools. The default unauthenticated A2A surface also exposes task history and task cancellation APIs, increasing confidentiality and integrity impact. Version 4.6.40 patches the issue.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-306
    Added CWE CWE-95
    Added Reference https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit/e0fb8e7dd1ee6759c18ed07f436c21dbd9c20747
    Added Reference https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/pull/1793
    Added Reference https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-vg22-4gmj-prxw
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.