8.9
HIGH CVSS 4.0
CVE-2026-58592
Ladybird - Web-Reachable Code Execution via Dangling FunctionType Reference in WebAssembly ESM Integration
Description

Ladybird contains a dangling-reference memory-safety flaw in its WebAssembly ESM-integration module loader. When a JavaScript function is imported into a WebAssembly module via the ESM path, WebAssemblyModule.cpp passes a stack-local Wasm::FunctionType by reference to create_host_function, whose host callback captures and later reads that reference; once the ESM link-loop iteration ends the FunctionType is destroyed, leaving the callback with a dangling reference (the normal instantiate path uses a long-lived reference and is not affected). Stale result-type data lets the host callback return an empty result vector for a statically non-empty result, so the destination register retains an attacker-influenced value that is then consumed by the WASM-GC array.set handler, which bit-casts the reference low bits to an ArrayInstance pointer after only a null check, yielding an arbitrary write. A web page can chain this into code execution in the WebContent process. Verified reachable from HTML content without any instrumentation or source modification.

INFO

Published Date :

July 1, 2026, 8:17 p.m.

Last Modified :

July 2, 2026, 5:42 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-58592 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
CVSS 3.1 HIGH 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10
CVSS 3.1 HIGH [email protected]
CVSS 4.0 HIGH 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10
CVSS 4.0 HIGH [email protected]
Solution
Address dangling-reference flaw in WebAssembly ESM integration to prevent arbitrary write.
  • Update Ladybird to the latest version.
  • Apply security patches for WebAssembly module loader.
  • Review host callback capture logic.
  • Ensure FunctionType references remain valid.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-58592 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-58592 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-58592 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-58592 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Jul. 02, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-58592', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'poc'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'total'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-07-02T15:27:43.547840Z'}
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Jul. 01, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'vendor': 'LadybirdBrowser', 'product': 'Ladybird', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '0'}], 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}]
    Added Description Ladybird contains a dangling-reference memory-safety flaw in its WebAssembly ESM-integration module loader. When a JavaScript function is imported into a WebAssembly module via the ESM path, WebAssemblyModule.cpp passes a stack-local Wasm::FunctionType by reference to create_host_function, whose host callback captures and later reads that reference; once the ESM link-loop iteration ends the FunctionType is destroyed, leaving the callback with a dangling reference (the normal instantiate path uses a long-lived reference and is not affected). Stale result-type data lets the host callback return an empty result vector for a statically non-empty result, so the destination register retains an attacker-influenced value that is then consumed by the WASM-GC array.set handler, which bit-casts the reference low bits to an ArrayInstance pointer after only a null check, yielding an arbitrary write. A web page can chain this into code execution in the WebContent process. Verified reachable from HTML content without any instrumentation or source modification.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-787
    Added CWE CWE-825
    Added CWE CWE-843
    Added Reference https://github.com/bikini/exploitarium/tree/main/ladybird-wasm-esm-host-function-rce-poc
    Added Reference https://github.com/LadybirdBrowser/ladybird/blob/master/Libraries/LibWeb/WebAssembly/WebAssemblyModule.cpp
    Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ladybird-web-reachable-code-execution-via-dangling-functiontype-reference-in-webassembly-esm-integration
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.