CVE-2026-72028
riscv: probes: save original sp in rethook trampoline
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: probes: save original sp in rethook trampoline Reading a word from the stack in a kretprobe crashes a risc-v kernel. $ cd /sys/kernel/tracing/ $ echo 'r n_tty_write $stack0' > dynamic_events $ echo 1 > events/kprobes/enable Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000000200000128 ... [<ffffffff80016d16>] regs_get_kernel_stack_nth+0x26/0x38 [<ffffffff80177196>] process_fetch_insn+0x3ee/0x760 [<ffffffff80177836>] kretprobe_trace_func+0x116/0x1f0 [<ffffffff8017795a>] kretprobe_dispatcher+0x4a/0x58 [<ffffffff8013572e>] kretprobe_rethook_handler+0x5e/0x90 [<ffffffff80180838>] rethook_trampoline_handler+0x70/0x108 [<ffffffff8001ba32>] arch_rethook_trampoline_callback+0x12/0x1c [<ffffffff8001ba84>] arch_rethook_trampoline+0x48/0x94 [<ffffffff8067872a>] tty_write+0x1a/0x30 In regs_get_kernel_stack_nth, regs->sp contains an arbitrary value. arch_rethook_trampoline saves the registers from the probed function in a struct pt_regs. sp is not saved. Instead, sp is decremented for arch_rethook_trampoline's local stack. Fix this crash and save the original sp along with the other registers. Use a0 as a temporary register, it is overwritten anyway. [[email protected]: added Fixes tag; cc'ed stable]
INFO
Published Date :
Aug. 15, 2026, 6:21 a.m.
Last Modified :
Aug. 17, 2026, 6:18 a.m.
Remotely Exploit :
No
Source :
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Solution
- Update the Linux kernel to a version with the fix.
- Apply the patch for the riscv rethook trampoline issue.
- Ensure registers are correctly saved in the trampoline.
- Verify stack pointer handling in kernel tracing.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2026-72028.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-72028 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-72028
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2026-72028 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2026-72028 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Modified by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Aug. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Changed Affected [{'repo': 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git', 'vendor': 'Linux', 'product': 'Linux', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': 'c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': 'bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e', 'versionType': 'git'}], 'programFiles': ['arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S'], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'repo': 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git', 'vendor': 'Linux', 'product': 'Linux', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '5.12'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '5.12', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.6.145', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.6.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.12.97', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.12.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.18.40', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.18.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '7.1.5', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '7.1.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '7.2-rc2', 'versionType': 'original_commit_for_fix', 'lessThanOrEqual': '*'}], 'programFiles': ['arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S'], 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] [{'repo': 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git', 'vendor': 'Linux', 'product': 'Linux', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': 'c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': 'bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e', 'versionType': 'git'}], 'programFiles': ['arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S'], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'repo': 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git', 'vendor': 'Linux', 'product': 'Linux', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '5.12'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '5.12', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.6.145', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.6.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.12.97', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.12.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.18.40', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.18.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '7.1.5', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '7.1.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '7.2', 'versionType': 'original_commit_for_fix', 'lessThanOrEqual': '*'}], 'programFiles': ['arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S'], 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] -
New CVE Received by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Aug. 15, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'repo': 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git', 'vendor': 'Linux', 'product': 'Linux', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': 'c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': '91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56', 'versionType': 'git'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': 'c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5', 'lessThan': 'bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e', 'versionType': 'git'}], 'programFiles': ['arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S'], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'repo': 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git', 'vendor': 'Linux', 'product': 'Linux', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '5.12'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '5.12', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.6.145', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.6.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.12.97', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.12.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '6.18.40', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '6.18.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '7.1.5', 'versionType': 'semver', 'lessThanOrEqual': '7.1.*'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '7.2-rc2', 'versionType': 'original_commit_for_fix', 'lessThanOrEqual': '*'}], 'programFiles': ['arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S'], 'defaultStatus': 'affected'}] Added Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: probes: save original sp in rethook trampoline Reading a word from the stack in a kretprobe crashes a risc-v kernel. $ cd /sys/kernel/tracing/ $ echo 'r n_tty_write $stack0' > dynamic_events $ echo 1 > events/kprobes/enable Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000000200000128 ... [<ffffffff80016d16>] regs_get_kernel_stack_nth+0x26/0x38 [<ffffffff80177196>] process_fetch_insn+0x3ee/0x760 [<ffffffff80177836>] kretprobe_trace_func+0x116/0x1f0 [<ffffffff8017795a>] kretprobe_dispatcher+0x4a/0x58 [<ffffffff8013572e>] kretprobe_rethook_handler+0x5e/0x90 [<ffffffff80180838>] rethook_trampoline_handler+0x70/0x108 [<ffffffff8001ba32>] arch_rethook_trampoline_callback+0x12/0x1c [<ffffffff8001ba84>] arch_rethook_trampoline+0x48/0x94 [<ffffffff8067872a>] tty_write+0x1a/0x30 In regs_get_kernel_stack_nth, regs->sp contains an arbitrary value. arch_rethook_trampoline saves the registers from the probed function in a struct pt_regs. sp is not saved. Instead, sp is decremented for arch_rethook_trampoline's local stack. Fix this crash and save the original sp along with the other registers. Use a0 as a temporary register, it is overwritten anyway. [[email protected]: added Fixes tag; cc'ed stable] Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94 Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1 Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56 Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857