CVE-2026-72844
Lean 4 Kernel Type Checking Bypass via Mismatched Structure Projections
Description
The Lean 4 kernel does not verify that the structure named in a projection expression matches the type of the value being projected, and environment::add_inductive in src/kernel/inductive.cpp did not type check the nested inductive applications that are replaced by auxiliary types, so their parametric arguments escaped checking. A metaprogram running in the Lean process can register an ill-typed nested inductive whose constructor applies a .proj C 0 projection to a value of the unrelated type W, and the kernel admits the declaration through the ordinary checked addDecl path at maximum kernel checking, without sorry, unsafeCast, debug.skipKernelTC, addDeclWithoutChecking, FFI, or a modified .olean file. The result is a type confusion yielding a proof of False that carries no axioms, from which any proposition can be derived. The published proof of concept additionally pads two expressions until their hashes and approximate depths collide, which defeats kernel caching; that is the technique used to reach the flaw, not its cause. Exploitation requires running a metaprogram in-process, for example by building a project or importing a malicious Lake dependency.
INFO
Published Date :
Aug. 20, 2026, 6:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
Oct. 26, 2026, 2:17 a.m.
Remotely Exploit :
No
Source :
[email protected]
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2026-72844
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
No affected product recoded yet
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | MEDIUM | 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10 | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | MEDIUM | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 3.1 | MEDIUM | MITRE-CVE | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | MEDIUM | 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10 | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | MEDIUM | [email protected] |
Solution
- Update the Lean 4 kernel to the latest version.
- Apply security patches for inductive type checking.
- Review metaprogramming and declaration additive processes.
- Validate nested inductive application type checking.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2026-72844.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-72844 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-72844
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2026-72844 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2026-72844 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Oct. 26, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference https://github.com/endrazine/lean-cve-poc Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4 Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/commit/a39eab69e1eee9ad38f4efe507907b1026a77808 Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/issues/14576 Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/14577 Added Reference https://github.com/xrchz/CollatzLean Added Reference https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/02/1 Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lean-4-kernel-type-checking-bypass-via-mismatched-structure-projections Removed Reference https://github.com/endrazine/lean-cve-poc Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4 Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/commit/a39eab69e1eee9ad38f4efe507907b1026a77808 Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/issues/14576 Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/14577 Removed Reference https://github.com/xrchz/CollatzLean Removed Reference https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/02/1 Removed Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lean-4-kernel-type-checking-bypass-via-mismatched-structure-projections -
CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Oct. 26, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/26/2 -
CVE Translated by [email protected]
Oct. 18, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Translation Title: lean4 de leanprover, Description: El kernel de Lean 4 no verifica que la estructura nombrada en una expresión de proyección coincida con el tipo del valor que se está proyectando, y environment::add_inductive en src/kernel/inductive.cpp no comprobó el tipo de las aplicaciones inductivas anidadas que son reemplazadas por tipos auxiliares, por lo que sus argumentos paramétricos escaparon a la verificación. Un metaprograma ejecutándose en el proceso de Lean puede registrar un inductivo anidado mal tipado cuyo constructor aplica una proyección .proj C 0 a un valor del tipo no relacionado W, y el kernel admite la declaración a través de la ruta addDecl comprobada ordinaria con la máxima verificación del kernel, sin sorry, unsafeCast, debug.skipKernelTC, addDeclWithoutChecking, FFI, o un archivo .olean modificado. El resultado es una confusión de tipos que produce una prueba de Falso que no conlleva axiomas, de la cual se puede derivar cualquier proposición. La prueba de concepto publicada además rellena dos expresiones hasta que sus hashes y profundidades aproximadas colisionan, lo que anula el almacenamiento en caché del kernel; esa es la técnica utilizada para alcanzar la falla, no su causa. La explotación requiere ejecutar un metaprograma en proceso, por ejemplo, construyendo un proyecto o importando una dependencia maliciosa de Lake. -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Aug. 21, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-72844', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'poc'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-08-21T21:13:48.944575Z'} -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Aug. 20, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'repo': 'https://github.com/leanprover/lean4', 'vendor': 'leanprover', 'product': 'lean4', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '4.32.2', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '4.32.2', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.33.0-rc1', 'versionType': 'semver'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}] Added Description The Lean 4 kernel does not verify that the structure named in a projection expression matches the type of the value being projected, and environment::add_inductive in src/kernel/inductive.cpp did not type check the nested inductive applications that are replaced by auxiliary types, so their parametric arguments escaped checking. A metaprogram running in the Lean process can register an ill-typed nested inductive whose constructor applies a .proj C 0 projection to a value of the unrelated type W, and the kernel admits the declaration through the ordinary checked addDecl path at maximum kernel checking, without sorry, unsafeCast, debug.skipKernelTC, addDeclWithoutChecking, FFI, or a modified .olean file. The result is a type confusion yielding a proof of False that carries no axioms, from which any proposition can be derived. The published proof of concept additionally pads two expressions until their hashes and approximate depths collide, which defeats kernel caching; that is the technique used to reach the flaw, not its cause. Exploitation requires running a metaprogram in-process, for example by building a project or importing a malicious Lake dependency. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N Added CWE CWE-843 Added Reference https://github.com/endrazine/lean-cve-poc Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4 Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/commit/a39eab69e1eee9ad38f4efe507907b1026a77808 Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/issues/14576 Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/14577 Added Reference https://github.com/xrchz/CollatzLean Added Reference https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/02/1 Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lean-4-kernel-type-checking-bypass-via-mismatched-structure-projections