6.8
MEDIUM CVSS 4.0
CVE-2026-72844
Lean 4 Kernel Type Checking Bypass via Mismatched Structure Projections
Description

The Lean 4 kernel does not verify that the structure named in a projection expression matches the type of the value being projected, and environment::add_inductive in src/kernel/inductive.cpp did not type check the nested inductive applications that are replaced by auxiliary types, so their parametric arguments escaped checking. A metaprogram running in the Lean process can register an ill-typed nested inductive whose constructor applies a .proj C 0 projection to a value of the unrelated type W, and the kernel admits the declaration through the ordinary checked addDecl path at maximum kernel checking, without sorry, unsafeCast, debug.skipKernelTC, addDeclWithoutChecking, FFI, or a modified .olean file. The result is a type confusion yielding a proof of False that carries no axioms, from which any proposition can be derived. The published proof of concept additionally pads two expressions until their hashes and approximate depths collide, which defeats kernel caching; that is the technique used to reach the flaw, not its cause. Exploitation requires running a metaprogram in-process, for example by building a project or importing a malicious Lake dependency.

INFO

Published Date :

Aug. 20, 2026, 6:16 p.m.

Last Modified :

Oct. 26, 2026, 2:17 a.m.

Remotely Exploit :

No
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-72844 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM MITRE-CVE
CVSS 4.0 MEDIUM 83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10
CVSS 4.0 MEDIUM [email protected]
Solution
Update Lean 4 kernel and associated components to fix type confusion vulnerabilities.
  • Update the Lean 4 kernel to the latest version.
  • Apply security patches for inductive type checking.
  • Review metaprogramming and declaration additive processes.
  • Validate nested inductive application type checking.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-72844 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-72844 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-72844 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-72844 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Oct. 26, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://github.com/endrazine/lean-cve-poc
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/commit/a39eab69e1eee9ad38f4efe507907b1026a77808
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/issues/14576
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/14577
    Added Reference https://github.com/xrchz/CollatzLean
    Added Reference https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/02/1
    Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lean-4-kernel-type-checking-bypass-via-mismatched-structure-projections
    Removed Reference https://github.com/endrazine/lean-cve-poc
    Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4
    Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/commit/a39eab69e1eee9ad38f4efe507907b1026a77808
    Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/issues/14576
    Removed Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/14577
    Removed Reference https://github.com/xrchz/CollatzLean
    Removed Reference https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/02/1
    Removed Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lean-4-kernel-type-checking-bypass-via-mismatched-structure-projections
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Oct. 26, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/26/2
  • CVE Translated by [email protected]

    Oct. 18, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Translation Title: lean4 de leanprover, Description: El kernel de Lean 4 no verifica que la estructura nombrada en una expresión de proyección coincida con el tipo del valor que se está proyectando, y environment::add_inductive en src/kernel/inductive.cpp no comprobó el tipo de las aplicaciones inductivas anidadas que son reemplazadas por tipos auxiliares, por lo que sus argumentos paramétricos escaparon a la verificación. Un metaprograma ejecutándose en el proceso de Lean puede registrar un inductivo anidado mal tipado cuyo constructor aplica una proyección .proj C 0 a un valor del tipo no relacionado W, y el kernel admite la declaración a través de la ruta addDecl comprobada ordinaria con la máxima verificación del kernel, sin sorry, unsafeCast, debug.skipKernelTC, addDeclWithoutChecking, FFI, o un archivo .olean modificado. El resultado es una confusión de tipos que produce una prueba de Falso que no conlleva axiomas, de la cual se puede derivar cualquier proposición. La prueba de concepto publicada además rellena dos expresiones hasta que sus hashes y profundidades aproximadas colisionan, lo que anula el almacenamiento en caché del kernel; esa es la técnica utilizada para alcanzar la falla, no su causa. La explotación requiere ejecutar un metaprograma en proceso, por ejemplo, construyendo un proyecto o importando una dependencia maliciosa de Lake.
  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Aug. 21, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-72844', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'poc'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-08-21T21:13:48.944575Z'}
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Aug. 20, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'repo': 'https://github.com/leanprover/lean4', 'vendor': 'leanprover', 'product': 'lean4', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '4.32.2', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '4.32.2', 'versionType': 'semver'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.33.0-rc1', 'versionType': 'semver'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}]
    Added Description The Lean 4 kernel does not verify that the structure named in a projection expression matches the type of the value being projected, and environment::add_inductive in src/kernel/inductive.cpp did not type check the nested inductive applications that are replaced by auxiliary types, so their parametric arguments escaped checking. A metaprogram running in the Lean process can register an ill-typed nested inductive whose constructor applies a .proj C 0 projection to a value of the unrelated type W, and the kernel admits the declaration through the ordinary checked addDecl path at maximum kernel checking, without sorry, unsafeCast, debug.skipKernelTC, addDeclWithoutChecking, FFI, or a modified .olean file. The result is a type confusion yielding a proof of False that carries no axioms, from which any proposition can be derived. The published proof of concept additionally pads two expressions until their hashes and approximate depths collide, which defeats kernel caching; that is the technique used to reach the flaw, not its cause. Exploitation requires running a metaprogram in-process, for example by building a project or importing a malicious Lake dependency.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
    Added CWE CWE-843
    Added Reference https://github.com/endrazine/lean-cve-poc
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/commit/a39eab69e1eee9ad38f4efe507907b1026a77808
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/issues/14576
    Added Reference https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/pull/14577
    Added Reference https://github.com/xrchz/CollatzLean
    Added Reference https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/02/1
    Added Reference https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lean-4-kernel-type-checking-bypass-via-mismatched-structure-projections
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.