In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: staging: fbtft: make dirty_lock IRQ-safe fbtft_mkdirty() can be reached from the fbcon rendering path while processing printk() in hardirq context. Meanwhile, dirty_lock is also taken by fbtft_deferred_io() in workqueue context with local interrupts enabled. Lockdep reports a possible IRQ lock inversion involving dirty_lock and console_owner. A hardirq can interrupt a CPU holding dirty_lock and enter the console rendering path, which can attempt to acquire dirty_lock again. The following lockdep report was observed on an RK3566 system with CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING enabled: WARNING: possible irq lock inversion dependency detected swapper/2/0 just changed the state of lock: (console_owner){-...}-{0:0} but this lock took another, HARDIRQ-unsafe lock in the past: (&par->dirty_lock){+.+.}-{2:2} CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- lock(&par->dirty_lock); local_irq_disable(); lock(console_owner); lock(&par->dirty_lock); <Interrupt> lock(console_owner); *** DEADLOCK *** Use spin_lock_irqsave() for fbtft_mkdirty() and spin_lock_irq() for fbtft_deferred_io(). They only access the dirty line range, so the IRQ-off regions remain short.