0.0
NA
CVE-2026-99285
netfilter: nft_byteorder: remove multi-register support
Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nft_byteorder: remove multi-register support 64bit byteorder conversion is broken when several registers need to be converted because the source register array advances in steps for 4 bytes instead of 8: for (i = ... src64 = nft_reg_load64(&src[i]); ~~~~~ u32 *src nft_reg_store64(&dst64[i], Remove the multi-register support, it has other issues as well: Pablo points out that commit caf3ef7468f7 ("netfilter: nf_tables: prevent OOB access in nft_byteorder_eval") alters semantics: before the loop operated on registers, i.e. for ( ... ) dst32[i] = htons((u16)src32[i]) .. but after the patch it will operate on bytes, which makes this useless to convert e.g. concatenations, which store each compound in its own register. Multi-convert of u32 has one theoretical application: ct mark . meta mark . tcp dport @intervalset Because ct mark and meta mark are host byte order, use with intervals has to convert the byteorder for ct/meta mark value to network byte order (bigendian). nftables emits this: [ meta load mark => reg 1 ] [ byteorder reg 1 = hton(reg 1, 4, 4) ] [ ct load mark => reg 9 ] [ byteorder reg 9 = hton(reg 9, 4, 4) ] ... I.e. two separate calls. Theoretically it could be changed to do: [ meta load mark => reg 1 ] [ ct load mark => reg 9 ] [ byteorder reg 1 = htonl(reg 1, 4, 8) ] ... But then all it would take to change the set to meta mark . tcp dport . ct mark ... and we'd be back to two "byteorder" calls. IOW, support to convert a range of registers is both dysfunctional and dubious. Simplify this: remove the feature. Pablo Neira Ayuso points out that nftables before 1.1.0 can generate incorrect byteorder conversions, see 9fe58952c45a, "evaluate: skip byteorder conversion for selector smaller than 2 bytes" in nftables.git). Affected rulesets fail to load with this change and old userspace due to 'len != size' check.

INFO

Published Date :

Nov. 10, 2026, 6:17 p.m.

Last Modified :

Nov. 10, 2026, 6:17 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

No

Source :

416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-99285 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Linux linux_kernel
Solution
Update nftables userspace to version 1.1.0 or later to fix byteorder conversion issues.
  • Update nftables userspace to version 1.1.0 or later.
  • Avoid rulesets that perform byteorder conversions on selectors.
  • Validate byteorder conversion logic in older nftables versions.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2026-99285.

URL Resource
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c5fb3a6c8118d15e60295e76fb5b879021eef43
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb061d3de41707415269be75ebf700efb03ec212
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc29c0478b8564feb9371e715b5a0016eb8903fd
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-99285 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-99285 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-99285 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-99285 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

    Nov. 10, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nft_byteorder: remove multi-register support 64bit byteorder conversion is broken when several registers need to be converted because the source register array advances in steps for 4 bytes instead of 8: for (i = ... src64 = nft_reg_load64(&src[i]); ~~~~~ u32 *src nft_reg_store64(&dst64[i], Remove the multi-register support, it has other issues as well: Pablo points out that commit caf3ef7468f7 ("netfilter: nf_tables: prevent OOB access in nft_byteorder_eval") alters semantics: before the loop operated on registers, i.e. for ( ... ) dst32[i] = htons((u16)src32[i]) .. but after the patch it will operate on bytes, which makes this useless to convert e.g. concatenations, which store each compound in its own register. Multi-convert of u32 has one theoretical application: ct mark . meta mark . tcp dport @intervalset Because ct mark and meta mark are host byte order, use with intervals has to convert the byteorder for ct/meta mark value to network byte order (bigendian). nftables emits this: [ meta load mark => reg 1 ] [ byteorder reg 1 = hton(reg 1, 4, 4) ] [ ct load mark => reg 9 ] [ byteorder reg 9 = hton(reg 9, 4, 4) ] ... I.e. two separate calls. Theoretically it could be changed to do: [ meta load mark => reg 1 ] [ ct load mark => reg 9 ] [ byteorder reg 1 = htonl(reg 1, 4, 8) ] ... But then all it would take to change the set to meta mark . tcp dport . ct mark ... and we'd be back to two "byteorder" calls. IOW, support to convert a range of registers is both dysfunctional and dubious. Simplify this: remove the feature. Pablo Neira Ayuso points out that nftables before 1.1.0 can generate incorrect byteorder conversions, see 9fe58952c45a, "evaluate: skip byteorder conversion for selector smaller than 2 bytes" in nftables.git). Affected rulesets fail to load with this change and old userspace due to 'len != size' check.
    Added Affected New affected value received. <a href="https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/blob/main/cves/2026/99xxx/CVE-2026-99285.json">CVE-2026-99285</a>
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c5fb3a6c8118d15e60295e76fb5b879021eef43
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb061d3de41707415269be75ebf700efb03ec212
    Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc29c0478b8564feb9371e715b5a0016eb8903fd
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.