CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

Description
<p>An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.<p>
Extended Description

Attacks of this kind often target management services over commonly used ports such as SSH, FTP, Telnet, LDAP, Kerberos, MySQL, and more. Additional targets include Single Sign-On (SSO) or cloud-based applications/services that utilize federated authentication protocols, and externally facing applications.

The primary goal of Credential Stuffing is to achieve lateral movement and gain authenticated access to additional systems, applications, and/or services. A successfully executed Credential Stuffing attack could result in the adversary impersonating the victim or executing any action that the victim is authorized to perform.

Although not technically a brute force attack, Credential Stuffing attacks can function as such if an adversary possess multiple known passwords for the same user account. This may occur in the event where an adversary obtains user credentials from multiple sources or if the adversary obtains a user's password history for an account.

Credential Stuffing attacks are similar to Password Spraying attacks (CAPEC-565) regarding their targets and their overall goals. However, Password Spraying attacks do not have any insight into known username/password combinations and instead leverage common or expected passwords. This also means that Password Spraying attacks must avoid inducing account lockouts, which is generally not a worry of Credential Stuffing attacks. Password Spraying attacks may additionally lead to Credential Stuffing attacks, once a successful username/password combination is discovered.

Severity :

High

Possibility :

High

Type :

Standard
Prerequisites

This table shows the other attack patterns and high level categories that are related to this attack pattern.

  • The system/application uses one factor password based authentication, SSO, and/or cloud-based authentication.
  • The system/application does not have a sound password policy that is being enforced.
  • The system/application does not implement an effective password throttling mechanism.
  • The adversary possesses a list of known user accounts and corresponding passwords that may exist on the target.
Skills required

This table shows the other attack patterns and high level categories that are related to this attack pattern.

  • Low A Credential Stuffing attack is very straightforward.
Taxonomy mappings
Resources required

A machine with sufficient resources for the job (e.g. CPU, RAM, HD).

A known list of username/password combinations.

A custom script that leverages the credential list to launch the attack.

Visit http://capec.mitre.org/ for more details.

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