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7.5
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2016-5431
Gree PHP JOSE Library Key Confusion Algorithm Substitution Vulnerability
Description

The PHP JOSE Library by Gree Inc. before version 2.2.1 is vulnerable to key confusion/algorithm substitution in the JWS component resulting in bypassing the signature verification via crafted tokens.

INFO

Published Date :

Aug. 7, 2019, 3:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Nov. 21, 2024, 2:54 a.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

[email protected]
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2016-5431 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Php_jose_project php_jose
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 1
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 2.0 MEDIUM [email protected]
CVSS 3.1 HIGH [email protected]
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2016-5431 has a 8 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2016-5431.

URL Resource
https://github.com/nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b Patch
https://github.com/nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b Patch
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2016-5431 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2016-5431 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Profile Photo
achmadismail173/jwt_exploit

None

Python

Updated: 4 weeks, 1 day ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : July 27, 2025, 2:50 p.m. This repo has been linked 5 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
suddenabnormalsecrets/pseudo-identity-provider

None

TypeScript CSS HTML Go

Updated: 3 months, 2 weeks ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : May 15, 2025, 6:55 a.m. This repo has been linked 3 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
google/pseudo-identity-provider

None

TypeScript CSS HTML Go

Updated: 1 month, 1 week ago
9 stars 5 fork 5 watcher
Born at : June 24, 2024, 4:11 p.m. This repo has been linked 3 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
HiitCat/JWT-SecLabs

Explore and learn about JWT vulnerabilities through hands-on security labs. Perfect for cybersecurity enthusiasts, developers, and learners!

jwt cybersecurity education infosec opensource websecurity

Dockerfile JavaScript HTML CSS

Updated: 2 months, 1 week ago
1 stars 1 fork 1 watcher
Born at : June 5, 2023, 12:45 a.m. This repo has been linked 4 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
phramz/tc2022-jwt101

TechCamp 2022 - JSON Web Token 101

Updated: 2 years, 11 months ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Sept. 7, 2022, 11:13 a.m. This repo has been linked 3 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
vivekghinaiya/JWT_hacking

None

Updated: 3 years, 6 months ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Feb. 3, 2022, 1:26 p.m. This repo has been linked 2 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
d7cky/HTB-Under-Construction

None

Python

Updated: 3 years, 5 months ago
1 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : Jan. 31, 2022, 7:03 p.m. This repo has been linked 2 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
Nucleware/powershell-jwt

Powershell JWT module

PowerShell

Updated: 3 months, 1 week ago
14 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : Jan. 4, 2020, midnight This repo has been linked 3 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2016-5431 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2016-5431 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Nov. 21, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference https://github.com/nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 14, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • Modified Analysis by [email protected]

    Mar. 03, 2023

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Removed CVSS V3 NIST AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
    Added CVSS V3.1 NIST AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
    Changed Reference Type https://github.com/nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b Patch, Third Party Advisory https://github.com/nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b Patch
    Removed CWE NIST CWE-310
    Added CWE NIST CWE-327
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Oct. 09, 2019

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CWE Red Hat, Inc. CWE-327
  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Aug. 14, 2019

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CVSS V2 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N)
    Added CVSS V3 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
    Changed Reference Type https://github.com/nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b No Types Assigned https://github.com/nov/jose-php/commit/1cce55e27adf0274193eb1cd74b927a398a3df4b Patch, Third Party Advisory
    Added CWE CWE-310
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:php_jose_project:php_jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 2.2.1
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Aug. 08, 2019

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Description TThe PHP JOSE Library by Gree Inc. version <= 2.2.0 is vulnerable to key confusion/algorithm substitution in the JWS component resulting in bypassing the signature verification via crafted tokens. The PHP JOSE Library by Gree Inc. before version 2.2.1 is vulnerable to key confusion/algorithm substitution in the JWS component resulting in bypassing the signature verification via crafted tokens.
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 7.5
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact
Base CVSS Score: 5
Access Vector
Access Complexity
Authentication
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact
Exploit Prediction

EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days.

0.10 }} 0.01%

score

0.24541

percentile