CVE-2025-22069
Linux RISC-V Ftrace Bad Frame Pointer
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: fgraph: Fix stack layout to match __arch_ftrace_regs argument of ftrace_return_to_handler Naresh Kamboju reported a "Bad frame pointer" kernel warning while running LTP trace ftrace_stress_test.sh in riscv. We can reproduce the same issue with the following command: ``` $ cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing $ echo 'f:myprobe do_nanosleep%return args1=$retval' > dynamic_events $ echo 1 > events/fprobes/enable $ echo 1 > tracing_on $ sleep 1 ``` And we can get the following kernel warning: [ 127.692888] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 127.693755] Bad frame pointer: expected ff2000000065be50, received ba34c141e9594000 [ 127.693755] from func do_nanosleep return to ffffffff800ccb16 [ 127.698699] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 129 at kernel/trace/fgraph.c:755 ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.699894] Modules linked in: [ 127.700908] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 129 Comm: sleep Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3-g0ab191c74642 #32 [ 127.701453] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) [ 127.701859] epc : ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.702032] ra : ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.702151] epc : ffffffff8013b5e0 ra : ffffffff8013b5e0 sp : ff2000000065bd10 [ 127.702221] gp : ffffffff819c12f8 tp : ff60000080853100 t0 : 6e00000000000000 [ 127.702284] t1 : 0000000000000020 t2 : 6e7566206d6f7266 s0 : ff2000000065bd80 [ 127.702346] s1 : ff60000081262000 a0 : 000000000000007b a1 : ffffffff81894f20 [ 127.702408] a2 : 0000000000000010 a3 : fffffffffffffffe a4 : 0000000000000000 [ 127.702470] a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000008 a7 : 0000000000000038 [ 127.702530] s2 : ba34c141e9594000 s3 : 0000000000000000 s4 : ff2000000065bdd0 [ 127.702591] s5 : 00007fff8adcf400 s6 : 000055556dc1d8c0 s7 : 0000000000000068 [ 127.702651] s8 : 00007fff8adf5d10 s9 : 000000000000006d s10: 0000000000000001 [ 127.702710] s11: 00005555737377c8 t3 : ffffffff819d899e t4 : ffffffff819d899e [ 127.702769] t5 : ffffffff819d89a0 t6 : ff2000000065bb18 [ 127.702826] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: 0000000000000000 cause: 0000000000000003 [ 127.703292] [<ffffffff8013b5e0>] ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.703760] [<ffffffff80017bce>] return_to_handler+0x16/0x26 [ 127.704009] [<ffffffff80017bb8>] return_to_handler+0x0/0x26 [ 127.704057] [<ffffffff800d3352>] common_nsleep+0x42/0x54 [ 127.704117] [<ffffffff800d44a2>] __riscv_sys_clock_nanosleep+0xba/0x10a [ 127.704176] [<ffffffff80901c56>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x188/0x218 [ 127.704295] [<ffffffff8090cc3e>] handle_exception+0x14a/0x156 [ 127.705436] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- The reason is that the stack layout for constructing argument for the ftrace_return_to_handler in the return_to_handler does not match the __arch_ftrace_regs structure of riscv, leading to unexpected results.
INFO
Published Date :
April 16, 2025, 3:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
April 17, 2025, 8:22 p.m.
Source :
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Remotely Exploitable :
No
Impact Score :
Exploitability Score :
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-22069.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67a5ba8f742f247bc83e46dd2313c142b1383276 | |
| https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78b39c587b8f6c69140177108f9c08a75b1c7c37 |
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-22069 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-22069 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
New CVE Received by 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Apr. 16, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: riscv: fgraph: Fix stack layout to match __arch_ftrace_regs argument of ftrace_return_to_handler Naresh Kamboju reported a "Bad frame pointer" kernel warning while running LTP trace ftrace_stress_test.sh in riscv. We can reproduce the same issue with the following command: ``` $ cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing $ echo 'f:myprobe do_nanosleep%return args1=$retval' > dynamic_events $ echo 1 > events/fprobes/enable $ echo 1 > tracing_on $ sleep 1 ``` And we can get the following kernel warning: [ 127.692888] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 127.693755] Bad frame pointer: expected ff2000000065be50, received ba34c141e9594000 [ 127.693755] from func do_nanosleep return to ffffffff800ccb16 [ 127.698699] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 129 at kernel/trace/fgraph.c:755 ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.699894] Modules linked in: [ 127.700908] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 129 Comm: sleep Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3-g0ab191c74642 #32 [ 127.701453] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) [ 127.701859] epc : ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.702032] ra : ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.702151] epc : ffffffff8013b5e0 ra : ffffffff8013b5e0 sp : ff2000000065bd10 [ 127.702221] gp : ffffffff819c12f8 tp : ff60000080853100 t0 : 6e00000000000000 [ 127.702284] t1 : 0000000000000020 t2 : 6e7566206d6f7266 s0 : ff2000000065bd80 [ 127.702346] s1 : ff60000081262000 a0 : 000000000000007b a1 : ffffffff81894f20 [ 127.702408] a2 : 0000000000000010 a3 : fffffffffffffffe a4 : 0000000000000000 [ 127.702470] a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000008 a7 : 0000000000000038 [ 127.702530] s2 : ba34c141e9594000 s3 : 0000000000000000 s4 : ff2000000065bdd0 [ 127.702591] s5 : 00007fff8adcf400 s6 : 000055556dc1d8c0 s7 : 0000000000000068 [ 127.702651] s8 : 00007fff8adf5d10 s9 : 000000000000006d s10: 0000000000000001 [ 127.702710] s11: 00005555737377c8 t3 : ffffffff819d899e t4 : ffffffff819d899e [ 127.702769] t5 : ffffffff819d89a0 t6 : ff2000000065bb18 [ 127.702826] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: 0000000000000000 cause: 0000000000000003 [ 127.703292] [<ffffffff8013b5e0>] ftrace_return_to_handler+0x1b2/0x1be [ 127.703760] [<ffffffff80017bce>] return_to_handler+0x16/0x26 [ 127.704009] [<ffffffff80017bb8>] return_to_handler+0x0/0x26 [ 127.704057] [<ffffffff800d3352>] common_nsleep+0x42/0x54 [ 127.704117] [<ffffffff800d44a2>] __riscv_sys_clock_nanosleep+0xba/0x10a [ 127.704176] [<ffffffff80901c56>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x188/0x218 [ 127.704295] [<ffffffff8090cc3e>] handle_exception+0x14a/0x156 [ 127.705436] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- The reason is that the stack layout for constructing argument for the ftrace_return_to_handler in the return_to_handler does not match the __arch_ftrace_regs structure of riscv, leading to unexpected results. Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67a5ba8f742f247bc83e46dd2313c142b1383276 Added Reference https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78b39c587b8f6c69140177108f9c08a75b1c7c37
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-22069 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-22069
weaknesses.