CVE-2025-65855
Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT Firmware Hard-Coded WiFi Credentials Unauthenticated Code Execution Vulnerability
Description
The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.
INFO
Published Date :
Dec. 17, 2025, 5:15 p.m.
Last Modified :
Dec. 17, 2025, 5:15 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
No
Source :
[email protected]
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2025-65855
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
No affected product recoded yet
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | MEDIUM | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 |
Solution
- Implement secure authentication for update servers.
- Validate firmware signatures before installation.
- Avoid hard-coded credentials in firmware.
- Review and update security protocols.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-65855.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/ | |
| https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/ |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-65855 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-65855
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-65855 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-65855 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Dec. 17, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device. Added Reference https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/ Added Reference https://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/ -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Dec. 17, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CWE CWE-798 Added CWE CWE-319 Added CWE CWE-494