9.1
CRITICAL CVSS 4.0
CVE-2026-33640
Outline has a rate limit bypass that allows brute force of email login OTP
Description

Outline is a service that allows for collaborative documentation. Outline implements an Email OTP login flow for users not associated with an Identity Provider. Starting in version 0.86.0 and prior to version 1.6.0, Outline does not invalidate OTP codes based on amount or frequency of invalid submissions, rather it relies on the rate limiter to restrict attempts. Consequently, identified bypasses in the rate limiter permit unrestricted OTP code submissions within the codes lifetime. This allows attackers to perform brute force attacks which enable account takeover. Version 1.6.0 fixes the issue.

INFO

Published Date :

March 26, 2026, 9:17 p.m.

Last Modified :

March 26, 2026, 9:17 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-33640 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

No affected product recoded yet

CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 4.0 CRITICAL [email protected]
Solution
Update Outline to version 1.6.0 or later to fix the OTP brute force vulnerability.
  • Update Outline to version 1.6.0 or later.
  • Ensure OTP rate limiting is properly configured.
  • Monitor authentication logs for suspicious activity.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2026-33640.

URL Resource
https://github.com/outline/outline/releases/tag/v1.6.0
https://github.com/outline/outline/security/advisories/GHSA-cwhc-53hw-qqx6
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-33640 is associated with the following CWEs:

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-33640 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-33640 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Mar. 26, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description Outline is a service that allows for collaborative documentation. Outline implements an Email OTP login flow for users not associated with an Identity Provider. Starting in version 0.86.0 and prior to version 1.6.0, Outline does not invalidate OTP codes based on amount or frequency of invalid submissions, rather it relies on the rate limiter to restrict attempts. Consequently, identified bypasses in the rate limiter permit unrestricted OTP code submissions within the codes lifetime. This allows attackers to perform brute force attacks which enable account takeover. Version 1.6.0 fixes the issue.
    Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
    Added CWE CWE-307
    Added Reference https://github.com/outline/outline/releases/tag/v1.6.0
    Added Reference https://github.com/outline/outline/security/advisories/GHSA-cwhc-53hw-qqx6
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.