7.5
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2026-47737
Puma PROXY Protocol v1 Accepts Repeated Protocol Headers on Persistent Connections
Description

Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. From 5.5.0 until 7.2.1 and 8.0.2, Puma is vulnerable to source IP spoofing when set_remote_address proxy_protocol: :v1 is enabled and persistent connections are used because Puma incorrectly re-parses PROXY protocol headers after each keep-alive request on the same connection, allowing an attacker to inject a second PROXY header and overwrite REMOTE_ADDR. This issue is fixed in versions 7.2.1 and 8.0.2.

INFO

Published Date :

July 14, 2026, 8:17 p.m.

Last Modified :

July 15, 2026, 6:15 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2026-47737 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Puma puma
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
CVSS 3.1 HIGH [email protected]
Solution
Update Puma to patched versions to prevent IP spoofing via proxy protocol header injection.
  • Update Puma to version 7.2.1 or later.
  • Update Puma to version 8.0.2 or later.
  • Ensure proxy_protocol is configured securely.
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2026-47737 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2026-47737 weaknesses.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client Exploiting Trust in Client CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction Session Credential Falsification through Prediction CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay) Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay) CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM) Adversary in the Middle (AiTM) CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof Signature Spoof CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS) Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS) CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking) JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking) CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning Cache Poisoning CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning DNS Cache Poisoning CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing Content Spoofing CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping Application API Navigation Remapping CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking Application API Button Hijacking CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM) Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-47737 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-47737 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

    Jul. 15, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2026-47737', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'yes'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-07-15T14:10:11.985537Z'}
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Jul. 14, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'vendor': 'puma', 'product': 'puma', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '>= 5.5.0, < 7.2.1'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '>= 8.0.0, < 8.0.2'}]}]
    Added Description Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. From 5.5.0 until 7.2.1 and 8.0.2, Puma is vulnerable to source IP spoofing when set_remote_address proxy_protocol: :v1 is enabled and persistent connections are used because Puma incorrectly re-parses PROXY protocol headers after each keep-alive request on the same connection, allowing an attacker to inject a second PROXY header and overwrite REMOTE_ADDR. This issue is fixed in versions 7.2.1 and 8.0.2.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
    Added CWE CWE-345
    Added CWE CWE-290
    Added Reference https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/439c6136d9c2275721b7864db3ee78af7c80889f
    Added Reference https://github.com/puma/puma/commit/ebe9db3929ab8299d19c8f5b41e8ef4f4b22fa58
    Added Reference https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3944
    Added Reference https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3947
    Added Reference https://github.com/puma/puma/releases/tag/v7.2.1
    Added Reference https://github.com/puma/puma/releases/tag/v8.0.2
    Added Reference https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-2vqw-3mp8-cgmx
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.