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7.8
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-1731
"USG FLEX H series PostgreSQL Command Privilege Escalation Vulnerability"
Description

An incorrect permission assignment vulnerability in the PostgreSQL commands of the Zyxel USG FLEX H series uOS firmware versions from V1.20 through V1.31 could allow an authenticated local attacker with low privileges to gain access to the Linux shell and escalate their privileges by crafting malicious scripts or modifying system configurations with administrator-level access through a stolen token. Modifying the system configuration is only possible if the administrator has not logged out and the token remains valid.

INFO

Published Date :

April 22, 2025, 3:15 a.m.

Last Modified :

Oct. 30, 2025, 5:55 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

No

Source :

[email protected]
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-1731 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Zyxel uos
2 Zyxel usg_flex_100h
3 Zyxel usg_flex_200h
4 Zyxel usg_flex_200hp
5 Zyxel usg_flex_500h
6 Zyxel usg_flex_700h
7 Zyxel usg_flex_100hp
8 Zyxel usg_flex_50h
9 Zyxel usg_flex_50hp
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 9
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 HIGH [email protected]
Solution
Update firmware to patch privilege escalation via incorrect permission assignment.
  • Update Zyxel USG FLEX H series to a non-vulnerable firmware version.
  • Restrict access to the Linux shell.
  • Revoke and re-issue user tokens regularly.
Public PoC/Exploit Available at Github

CVE-2025-1731 has a 4 public PoC/Exploit available at Github. Go to the Public Exploits tab to see the list.

References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-1731.

URL Resource
https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-incorrect-permission-assignment-and-improper-privilege-management-vulnerabilities-in-usg-flex-h-series-firewalls-04-22-2025 Vendor Advisory
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/27 Mailing List
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-1731 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-1731 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Profile Photo
rainpwn/exploits

A collection of my public exploits.

zyxel zyxel-exploit

Python

Updated: 1 week, 3 days ago
0 stars 0 fork 0 watcher
Born at : April 23, 2025, 9:25 p.m. This repo has been linked 4 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
hnsecurity/vulns

HN Security's advisories.

Updated: 1 month ago
22 stars 2 fork 2 watcher
Born at : Feb. 21, 2022, 1:25 p.m. This repo has been linked 38 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
0xdea/advisories

A collection of my public security advisories.

vulnerability advisory cve

Updated: 1 month ago
27 stars 4 fork 4 watcher
Born at : Sept. 25, 2019, 8:51 a.m. This repo has been linked 48 different CVEs too.
Profile Photo
0xdea/exploits

A handy collection of my public exploits, all in one place.

exploits buffer-overflow solaris linux aix mysql openbsd oracle zyxel

C Shell C++ Perl

Updated: 1 month ago
669 stars 114 fork 114 watcher
Born at : July 12, 2017, 2:40 p.m. This repo has been linked 29 different CVEs too.

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-1731 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

  • TheCyberThrone
CVE-2025-34028 impacts Commvault Command Center

CVE-2025-34028 is a critical path traversal vulnerability affecting the Commvault Command Center Innovation Release. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to upload malicious ZIP files, wh ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 25, 2025 (6 months ago)
  • Cyber Security News
Zyxel RCE Vulnerability Allows Arbitrary Query Execution Without any Authentication

A critical vulnerability in Zyxel’s FLEX-H Series devices that enables attackers to execute arbitrary database queries and gain remote code execution capabilities without requiring authentication. The ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 24, 2025 (6 months ago)
  • TheCyberThrone
CVE-2025-1021 impacts Synology DiskStation Manager

CVE-2025-1021 is a critical vulnerability affecting Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM), specifically its Network File System (NFS) service. This flaw allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read ar ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 24, 2025 (6 months, 1 week ago)
  • seclists.org
HNS-2025-10 - HN Security Advisory - Local privilege escalation in Zyxel uOS

Full Disclosure mailing list archives HNS-2025-10 - HN Security Advisory - Local privilege escalation in Zyxel uOS From: Marco Ivaldi <raptor () 0xdeadbeef info> Date: Wed, 23 Apr 2025 08:44:55 +0200 ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 24, 2025 (6 months, 1 week ago)
  • TheCyberThrone
CVE-2025-1731 and CVE-2025-1732 impacts Zyxel Firewalls

Zyxel has disclosed two critical vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-1731 and CVE-2025-1732, affecting its USG FLEX H series firewalls. These vulnerabilities could allow authenticated local attackers to escalat ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 23, 2025 (6 months, 1 week ago)
  • Cyber Security News
Zyxel Patches Privilege Management Vulnerabilities in USG FLEX H Series Firewalls

Zyxel Networks has released critical security patches to address two high-severity vulnerabilities in its USG FLEX H series firewalls that could potentially allow attackers to escalate privileges and ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 23, 2025 (6 months, 1 week ago)
  • Daily CyberSecurity
Zyxel Patches High-Severity Security Flaws in USG FLEX H Firewalls

Zyxel has released patches to address security vulnerabilities in its USG FLEX H series firewalls, urging users to install them for optimal protection. The vulnerabilities involve incorrect permission ... Read more

Published Date: Apr 23, 2025 (6 months, 1 week ago)

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-1731 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Oct. 30, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration AND OR *cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:uos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 1.20 up to (excluding) 1.32 OR cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_200hp:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_100h:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_200h:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_500h:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_700h:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_100hp:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_50h:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:usg_flex_50hp:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Added Reference Type CVE: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/27 Types: Mailing List
    Added Reference Type Zyxel Corporation: https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-incorrect-permission-assignment-and-improper-privilege-management-vulnerabilities-in-usg-flex-h-series-firewalls-04-22-2025 Types: Vendor Advisory
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Jun. 12, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Changed Description An incorrect permission assignment vulnerability in the PostgreSQL commands of the USG FLEX H series uOS firmware versions from V1.20 through V1.31 could allow an authenticated local attacker with low privileges to gain access to the Linux shell and escalate their privileges by crafting malicious scripts or modifying system configurations with administrator-level access through a stolen token. Modifying the system configuration is only possible if the administrator has not logged out and the token remains valid. An incorrect permission assignment vulnerability in the PostgreSQL commands of the Zyxel USG FLEX H series uOS firmware versions from V1.20 through V1.31 could allow an authenticated local attacker with low privileges to gain access to the Linux shell and escalate their privileges by crafting malicious scripts or modifying system configurations with administrator-level access through a stolen token. Modifying the system configuration is only possible if the administrator has not logged out and the token remains valid.
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Apr. 24, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/27
  • New CVE Received by [email protected]

    Apr. 22, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description An incorrect permission assignment vulnerability in the PostgreSQL commands of the USG FLEX H series uOS firmware versions from V1.20 through V1.31 could allow an authenticated local attacker with low privileges to gain access to the Linux shell and escalate their privileges by crafting malicious scripts or modifying system configurations with administrator-level access through a stolen token. Modifying the system configuration is only possible if the administrator has not logged out and the token remains valid.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Added CWE CWE-732
    Added Reference https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-incorrect-permission-assignment-and-improper-privilege-management-vulnerabilities-in-usg-flex-h-series-firewalls-04-22-2025
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 7.8
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact