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4.3
MEDIUM CVSS 3.1
CVE-2025-13909
Information Disclosure via Multi-Tenant Authentication Flows in WSO2 Identity Server Allows Cross-Tenant PII Exposure
Overview
Description

The system accepts authentication requests without sufficient validation to enforce tenant isolation when using Email OTP, SMS OTP, or Magic Link as first-factor authenticators. This failure to adequately separate user data between tenants can lead to the exposure of personally identifiable information. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to disclose personally identifiable information of users in different tenants, resulting in privacy violations and potential regulatory non-compliance. This may include unauthorized access to user details such as mobile numbers.

Details
INFO

Published Date :

Aug. 6, 2026, 8:16 a.m.

Last Modified :

Aug. 6, 2026, 8:16 a.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !

Source :

ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8
Impact
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2025-13909 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Wso2 identity_server
2 Wso2 carbon_identity_application_authentication_framework
3 Wso2 email_otp_authenticator
: Total Affected Vendor : 1 | Products : 3
Scoring
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8
CVSS 3.1 MEDIUM MITRE-CVE
Solution
Enforce robust validation for multi-tenant authentication to prevent data exposure.
  • Implement strict validation for OTP and Magic Link authentication.
  • Ensure proper tenant isolation checks during authentication.
  • Review and strengthen access control mechanisms.
  • Audit authentication logs for suspicious activity.
References
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools

Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to CVE-2025-13909.

URL Resource
https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4731/
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-13909 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-13909 weaknesses.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection Blind SQL Injection CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call Buffer Overflow in an API Call CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values Subverting Environment Variable Values CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client Exploiting Trust in Client CAPEC-23: File Content Injection File Content Injection CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow CAPEC-28: Fuzzing Fuzzing CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion MIME Conversion CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags Overflow Variables and Tags CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion CAPEC-52: Embedding NULL Bytes Embedding NULL Bytes CAPEC-53: Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog() String Format Overflow in syslog() CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-72: URL Encoding URL Encoding CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename User-Controlled Filename CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-80: Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering Web Server Logs Tampering CAPEC-83: XPath Injection XPath Injection CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting AJAX Footprinting CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection OS Command Injection CAPEC-101: Server Side Include (SSI) Injection Server Side Include (SSI) Injection CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting Cross Zone Scripting CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection Command Line Execution through SQL Injection CAPEC-109: Object Relational Mapping Injection Object Relational Mapping Injection CAPEC-110: SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering CAPEC-120: Double Encoding Double Encoding CAPEC-135: Format String Injection Format String Injection CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection LDAP Injection CAPEC-153: Input Data Manipulation Input Data Manipulation CAPEC-182: Flash Injection Flash Injection CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads Serialized Data with Nested Payloads CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads Oversized Serialized Data Payloads CAPEC-250: XML Injection XML Injection CAPEC-261: Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data CAPEC-267: Leverage Alternate Encoding Leverage Alternate Encoding CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof Signature Spoof CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS DOM-Based XSS CAPEC-664: Server Side Request Forgery Server Side Request Forgery CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values Subverting Environment Variable Values CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client Exploiting Trust in Client CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction Session Credential Falsification through Prediction CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay) Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay) CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding CAPEC-116: Excavation Excavation CAPEC-169: Footprinting Footprinting CAPEC-224: Fingerprinting Fingerprinting CAPEC-285: ICMP Echo Request Ping ICMP Echo Request Ping CAPEC-287: TCP SYN Scan TCP SYN Scan CAPEC-290: Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) Records Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) Records CAPEC-291: DNS Zone Transfers DNS Zone Transfers CAPEC-292: Host Discovery Host Discovery CAPEC-293: Traceroute Route Enumeration Traceroute Route Enumeration CAPEC-294: ICMP Address Mask Request ICMP Address Mask Request CAPEC-295: Timestamp Request Timestamp Request CAPEC-296: ICMP Information Request ICMP Information Request CAPEC-297: TCP ACK Ping TCP ACK Ping CAPEC-298: UDP Ping UDP Ping CAPEC-299: TCP SYN Ping TCP SYN Ping CAPEC-300: Port Scanning Port Scanning CAPEC-301: TCP Connect Scan TCP Connect Scan CAPEC-302: TCP FIN Scan TCP FIN Scan CAPEC-303: TCP Xmas Scan TCP Xmas Scan CAPEC-304: TCP Null Scan TCP Null Scan CAPEC-305: TCP ACK Scan TCP ACK Scan CAPEC-306: TCP Window Scan TCP Window Scan CAPEC-307: TCP RPC Scan TCP RPC Scan CAPEC-308: UDP Scan UDP Scan CAPEC-309: Network Topology Mapping Network Topology Mapping CAPEC-310: Scanning for Vulnerable Software Scanning for Vulnerable Software CAPEC-312: Active OS Fingerprinting Active OS Fingerprinting CAPEC-313: Passive OS Fingerprinting Passive OS Fingerprinting CAPEC-317: IP ID Sequencing Probe IP ID Sequencing Probe CAPEC-318: IP 'ID' Echoed Byte-Order Probe IP 'ID' Echoed Byte-Order Probe CAPEC-319: IP (DF) 'Don't Fragment Bit' Echoing Probe IP (DF) 'Don't Fragment Bit' Echoing Probe CAPEC-320: TCP Timestamp Probe TCP Timestamp Probe CAPEC-321: TCP Sequence Number Probe TCP Sequence Number Probe CAPEC-322: TCP (ISN) Greatest Common Divisor Probe TCP (ISN) Greatest Common Divisor Probe CAPEC-323: TCP (ISN) Counter Rate Probe TCP (ISN) Counter Rate Probe CAPEC-324: TCP (ISN) Sequence Predictability Probe TCP (ISN) Sequence Predictability Probe CAPEC-325: TCP Congestion Control Flag (ECN) Probe TCP Congestion Control Flag (ECN) Probe CAPEC-326: TCP Initial Window Size Probe TCP Initial Window Size Probe CAPEC-327: TCP Options Probe TCP Options Probe CAPEC-328: TCP 'RST' Flag Checksum Probe TCP 'RST' Flag Checksum Probe CAPEC-329: ICMP Error Message Quoting Probe ICMP Error Message Quoting Probe CAPEC-330: ICMP Error Message Echoing Integrity Probe ICMP Error Message Echoing Integrity Probe CAPEC-472: Browser Fingerprinting Browser Fingerprinting CAPEC-497: File Discovery File Discovery CAPEC-508: Shoulder Surfing Shoulder Surfing CAPEC-573: Process Footprinting Process Footprinting CAPEC-574: Services Footprinting Services Footprinting CAPEC-575: Account Footprinting Account Footprinting CAPEC-576: Group Permission Footprinting Group Permission Footprinting CAPEC-577: Owner Footprinting Owner Footprinting CAPEC-616: Establish Rogue Location Establish Rogue Location CAPEC-643: Identify Shared Files/Directories on System Identify Shared Files/Directories on System CAPEC-646: Peripheral Footprinting Peripheral Footprinting CAPEC-651: Eavesdropping Eavesdropping

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2025-13909 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2025-13909 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • New CVE Received by ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8

    Aug. 06, 2026

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Affected [{'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Identity Server', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '7.0.0', 'lessThan': '7.0.0.134', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '7.1.0', 'lessThan': '7.1.0.42', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Carbon Identity Application Authentication Framework', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '7.0.78', 'lessThan': '7.0.78.162', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '7.8.23', 'lessThan': '7.8.23.66', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '7.8.550', 'versionType': 'custom', 'lessThanOrEqual': '*'}], 'packageName': 'org.wso2.carbon.identity.framework:org.wso2.carbon.identity.application.authentication.framework', 'defaultStatus': 'unknown'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Carbon MagicLink Authenticator Module', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '1.1.22', 'lessThan': '1.1.22.6', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '1.1.31', 'lessThan': '1.1.31.3', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '1.1.45', 'versionType': 'custom', 'lessThanOrEqual': '*'}], 'packageName': 'org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.magiclink:org.wso2.carbon.identity.application.authenticator.magiclink', 'defaultStatus': 'unknown'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Carbon Abstract OTP Authenticator', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '1.0.5', 'lessThan': '1.0.5.4', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '1.0.10', 'lessThan': '1.0.10.1', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '1.0.24', 'versionType': 'custom', 'lessThanOrEqual': '*'}], 'packageName': 'org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.commons:org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.core', 'defaultStatus': 'unknown'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'Email OTP Authenticator', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '1.0.30', 'lessThan': '1.0.30.4', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'unaffected', 'version': '1.0.51', 'versionType': 'custom', 'lessThanOrEqual': '*'}], 'packageName': 'org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp:org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp', 'defaultStatus': 'unknown'}]
    Added Description The system accepts authentication requests without sufficient validation to enforce tenant isolation when using Email OTP, SMS OTP, or Magic Link as first-factor authenticators. This failure to adequately separate user data between tenants can lead to the exposure of personally identifiable information. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to disclose personally identifiable information of users in different tenants, resulting in privacy violations and potential regulatory non-compliance. This may include unauthorized access to user details such as mobile numbers.
    Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
    Added CWE CWE-200
    Added CWE CWE-20
    Added Reference https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4731/
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
CVSS
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 4.3
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact