CVE-2025-65951
Inside Track / Entropy Derby Timelock Encryption Bypassed via Pre-Computed VDF Output Leakage
Description
Inside Track / Entropy Derby is a research-grade horse-racing betting engine. Prior to commit 2d38d2f, the VDF-based timelock encryption system fails to enforce sequential delay against the betting operator. Bettors pre-compute the entire Wesolowski VDF and include vdfOutputHex in their encrypted bet ticket, allowing the house to decrypt immediately using fast proof verification instead of expensive VDF evaluation. This issue has been patched via commit 2d38d2f.
INFO
Published Date :
Nov. 25, 2025, 1:15 a.m.
Last Modified :
Oct. 18, 2026, 8:10 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH | [email protected] |
Solution
- Update to the patched version via commit 2d38d2f.
- Verify the VDF timelock encryption sequential delay enforcement.
- Ensure proper implementation of Wesolowski VDF.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-65951.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mescuwa/entropy-derby/commit/2d38d2f16bbb3b4240698148f80d8c5202725c77 | |
| https://github.com/mescuwa/entropy-derby/security/advisories/GHSA-pm54-f847-w4mh |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-65951 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-65951
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-65951 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-65951 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Translated by [email protected]
Oct. 18, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Translation Title: entropy-derby de mescuwa, Description: Inside Track / Entropy Derby es un motor de apuestas de carreras de caballos de grado de investigación. Versiones anteriores al commit 2d38d2f, el sistema de cifrado con bloqueo de tiempo basado en VDF no logra imponer un retraso secuencial contra el operador de apuestas. Los apostadores precalculan el VDF de Wesolowski completo e incluyen vdfOutputHex en su boleto de apuesta cifrado, permitiendo a la casa de apuestas descifrar inmediatamente utilizando una verificación de prueba rápida en lugar de una costosa evaluación de VDF. Este problema ha sido parcheado a través del commit 2d38d2f. -
CVE Modified by [email protected]
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'vendor': 'mescuwa', 'product': 'entropy-derby', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '< 2d38d2f16bbb3b4240698148f80d8c5202725c77'}]}] -
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Jun. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2025-65951', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'poc'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'total'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2025-11-25T14:34:46.274000Z'} -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Nov. 25, 2025
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description Inside Track / Entropy Derby is a research-grade horse-racing betting engine. Prior to commit 2d38d2f, the VDF-based timelock encryption system fails to enforce sequential delay against the betting operator. Bettors pre-compute the entire Wesolowski VDF and include vdfOutputHex in their encrypted bet ticket, allowing the house to decrypt immediately using fast proof verification instead of expensive VDF evaluation. This issue has been patched via commit 2d38d2f. Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N Added CWE CWE-200 Added CWE CWE-327 Added Reference https://github.com/mescuwa/entropy-derby/commit/2d38d2f16bbb3b4240698148f80d8c5202725c77 Added Reference https://github.com/mescuwa/entropy-derby/security/advisories/GHSA-pm54-f847-w4mh